Stoics and Bodhisattvas: Spiritual Exercise and Faith in Two Philosophical Traditions
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Stoics and Bodhisattvas: Spiritual Exercise and Faith in Two Philosophical Traditions
Chapter in a Book
- A Buddhist 'good life' Theory: Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra
- A Buddhist Carol
- A Fearless Heart
- A Flash of Lightning in the Dark of Night
- A Mirror Is for Reflection
- A Nirvana that Is Burning in Hell: Pain and Flourishing in Mahayana Buddhist Moral Thought
- A Note on Mahāyāna Buddhism and the Bodhicaryāvatāra
- A Response to John Pettit
- A Role for Primordial Wisdom in the Buddhist Free Will Controversy
- A Selfless Response to an Illusory World: A Comparative Study of Śāntideva and Śaṅkara
- A Study of the Wisdom Chapter (Prajñāpāramitā Pariccheda) of the Bodhicaryāvatārapañjikā of Prajñākaramati
- Altruism and Reality (1998)
- Altruism and Reality-Review by Franco
- Altruism and Reality-Review by Pettit
- Altruism as Antidote to Demagoguery: Shantideva’s Bodhicharyavatara Chapter 3 as Method for Countering Identity Divisions
- Altruism in the Charnel Ground: Śāntideva and Parfit on Anātman, Reductionism and Benevolence
- An Argument for Cittamātra: Reflections on Bodhicaryāvatāra 9:28 (Tib. 27) cd
- An Intoxication of Mouse Venom: Reading the Guide, Chapter 9
- An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics
- Atiśa's Introduction to the Two Truths, and Its Sources
- Becoming Bodhisattvas
- Bhadracaryāvidhi in the Śikṣāsamuccaya Chapt. 16
- Bile & Bodhisattvas: Śāntideva on Justified Anger
- Blasphemie und Sakrileg im Buddhismus in Geschichte und Gegenwart mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Verses Bodhicaryāvatāra 6.64
- Bodhi(sattva)caryāvatāra als Lehrschrift und Vorhaben: Zum Thema Ritual, Religion, Philosophie und Mystik im Buddhismus
- Bodhicaryāvatāra 9:2 as a Focus for Tibetan Interpretations of the Two Truths in the Prāsangika Mādhyamika
- Bodhicaryāvatāra and Bodhicaryāvatāra-Pañjikā (Malalasekera)
- Bodhicaryāvatāra and Tibetan Mind Training (Lojong)
- Bodhicaryāvatāra: Governing the Bodhisattvas Way of Life
- Bodhicitta: Cultivating the Compassionate Mind of Enlightenment
- Bodhisattva e Prajñāpāramitā nel Bodhicaryāvatāra di Śāntideva
- Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra: Exposition de la pratique des bodhisattvas
- Bodies and Embodiment in the Bodhicaryāvatāra
- Buddhism as Reductionism: Personal Identity and Ethics in Parfitian Readings of Buddhist Philosophy
- From Steven Collins to the Present
- Buddhist Ethics (2003)
- Buddhist Ethics and Globalization on the Basis of Bodhicaryavatara
- Buddhist Ethics in the Context of Conventional Truth: Path and Transformation
- Buddhist Mereological Analysis in the Milindapañhā, Vasubandhu's Twenty Verses, and Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra
- Buddhist Texts Through the Ages
- Built on Emptiness: Śūnyatā as a Basis for Mahāyāna Ethics, With References to Śāntideva’s Bodhicaryāvatāra
- Can We Kill Illusory People? Some Philosophical Reflections on Bodhi(sattva)caryāvatāra 9:11-13ab
- Comparative Confession: A Comparative Study of Confession in the Writings of Tertullian, Cassian, and Śāntideva
- Compassion and the Net of Indra
- Compassion as a Matter of Fact: The Argument from No-Self to Selflessness in Śāntideva's Śikṣāsamuccaya
- Compassion in Mahayana Buddhism
- Compassion in Our Day: Learning from Shantideva
- Compassion in Schopenhauer and Śāntideva
- Conclusion: The Socratic Paradigm
- Consequences of Compassion
- Consequences of Compassion: An Interpretation and Defense of Buddhist Ethics-Review by Meyers
- Consequentialism, Agent-Neutrality, and Mahāyāna Ethics
- Consequentialism, Particularism, and the Emptiness of Persons: A Response to Vishnu Sridharan
- Cooking Living Beings: The Transformative Effects of Encounters with Bodhisattva Bodies
- Courageous Compassion
- Critique of Self in the Early and Later Versions of the Bodhi(sattva)caryāvatāra
- Cultivating Bodhicitta: Wisdom and Compassion in Śāntideva's Introduction to the Awakened Life
- Das 7. Kapitel über die Tatkraft in Śāntidevas Bodhicaryāvatāra
- Das Ritual der Entschlussfassung im Bodhicaryāvatāra (Kap. II und III)
- Demandingness, Self-Interest and Benevolence in Santideva's Introduction to the Practice of Awakening (Bodhicaryavatara)
- Did Śāntideva Destroy the Bodhisattva Path?
- Die Lehre von Satyadvaya in 'Ju Mi phams Nor bu ke ta ka
- Die zwei Wahrheiten
- Die zwei Wirklichkeiten
- Does "Buddhist Ethics" Exist?
- Does Anātman Rationally Entail Altruism? On Bodhicaryāvatāra 8:101-103
- Drops of Nectar: Khenpo Kunpal's Commentary on Shantideva's Entering the Conduct of the Bodhisattvas
- Emptiness and Moral Perfection
- Enlightenment to Go
- Ethical Revaluation in the Thought of Śāntideva
- Ethics (Garfield)
- Ethics and the Subversion of Conceptual Reification in Lévinas and Śāntideva
- Ethics in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism
- Ethics in Schopenhauer and Buddhism
- Ethics in the Śikṣāsamuccaya: A Study in Mahāyāna Morality
- Ethics without Self, Dharma without Atman
- Exchanging Self and Other
- Experience and Morality: Buddhist Ethics as Moral Phenomenology
- Extreme Giving: The Vessantara Jātaka and Shantideva's A Guide to the Bodhisattva Way of Life
- Following in the Buddha's Footsteps
- Freedom from Responsibility: Agent-Neutral Consequentialism and the Bodhisattva Ideal
- From Madhyamaka to Consequentialism: A Road Map
- Gleichheit und Mitgefühl: Prajñākaramatis Kommentar zu Bodhicaryāvatāra VIII. 89-108
- Guidance for the Spiritual Caregiver from the Bodhicaryavatara by Shantideva
- Healing Anger
- Healing Anger: The Power of Patience from a Buddhist Perspective-Review by Naga
- Hume as a Western Mādhyamika: The Case from Ethics
- Identifying the Object of Negation: On Bodhicaryāvatāra 9:140 (Tib. 139)
- Indian Madhyamaka Buddhist Philosophy after Nagarjuna, Vol. 2
- Innate Human Connectivity and Śāntideva's Cultivation of Compassion
- Internal and External Opposition to the Bodhisattva's Gift of His Body
- Introduction to Gzhan gyis brtsad pa'i lan mdor bsdus pa rigs lam rab gsal de nyid snang byed: An Answer to Blo-bzang-rab-gsal's Refutation of the Author's 'Sher le nor bu ke ta ka' and Its Defence, the Brgal lan nyin byed snang ba
- La conception de la realité dans L'Entrèe dans la voie de l'illumination de Santideva
- Le commentaire de Mi-pham au chapitre IX du Bodhicaryāvatāra de Śāntideva: Échos modernes d'une controverse du XVème siècle
- Madhyamaka Ethics
- Making and Remaking the Ultimate in Early Tibetan Readings of Śāntideva
- Mapping the Bodhicaryāvatāra
- Mental Purification (Blo sbyong): A Native Tibetan Genre of Religious Literature
- Mi pham and the Philosophical Controversies of the Nineteenth Century
- Mindfulness and Ethics: Attention, Virtue and Perfection
- Mindfulness and Moral Transformation: Awakening to Others in Śāntideva's Ethics
- Moderation or the Middle Way: Two Approaches to Anger
- Moonpaths: Ethics and Emptiness
- Moral Pluralism, Skillful Means, and Environmental Ethics
- Moral Theory in Śāntideva's Śikṣāsamuccaya
- Moral Theory in Śāntideva's Śikṣāsamuccaya-Review by Osto
- Moral Theory in Śāntideva's Śikṣāsamuccaya: Cultivating the Fruits of Virtue-Review by Goodman
- Mādhyamika: Bodhicaryāvatāra
- Nichtselbst, Leerheit und Altruistische Ethik im Bodhicaryāvatāra (Lecture Transcript)
- Nichtselbst, Leerheit und Altruistische Ethik im Bodhicaryāvatāra (Official Publication)
- Nyubosatsugyō-ron kaisetsu saisho no Shyāntidēva rikai
- On Altruism and Rebirth: Philosophical Comments on Bodhicaryāvatāra 8: 97-8
- On Learning to Overhear the "Vanishing Poet"
- On Philosophical View of the Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra
- On Prakṛtinirvāṇa-Prakṛtinirvṛta in the Bodhicaryāvatāra: A Study in the Indo-Tibetan Commentarial Tradition
- On the Classification of Śāntideva's Ethics in the Bodhicaryāvatāra
- On Śāntideva's Position in the History of Mādhyamika Philosophy
- One Aspect of the Acceptance of the Bodhisattva-śīla in Tibet
- Patience and Perspective
- Peaceful Heart
- Perfecting Patience
- Perfecting Wisdom
- Plant Seed, Pull Weed
- Practicing Wisdom
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- Readings of Śāntideva's Guide to Bodhisattva Practice
- Readings of Śāntideva's Guide to Bodhisattva Practice-Review by Harris
- Readings on Yogācāra Buddhism
- Reason and Knowledge on the Path: A Protreptic Reading of the Guide
- Reason, Irrationality and Akrasia (Weakness of the Will) in Buddhism: Reflections upon Śāntideva's Arguments with Himself
- Remarks on the Philosophical Standpoint of the Anonymous Commentary, Bodhisattvacaryāvatāravyākhyāna(-pañjikā)
- René Girard, Śāntideva, and the Emptiness of Desire
- Reply to Paul Williams
- Resentment and Reality: Buddhism on Moral Responsibility
- Response to Mark Siderits' Review
- Seeing Sentient Beings: Śāntideva's Moral Phenomenology
- Self-Protection through Mindfulness, Śāntideva
- Self-Sceptical Ethics and Selfless Morality: A Historical and Cross-Cultural Overview
- Selfhood and the Metaphysics of Altruism
- Selfless Ethics: The Equality of Non-Existence
- Selflessness and Normativity: Śāntideva and Emptiness Ethics
- Shantideva and Bodhicaryavatara: A Close Reading
- Shantideva's Bodhicaryavatara: An Internal Pilgrimage to Universal Peace and Compassion
- Shantideva's Bodhisattvacharyavatara: The Way of the Bodhisattva
- Ninth Chapter Analysis
- Shantideva: How to Wake Up a Hero
- Spinoza through the Prism of Later 'East-West' Exchanges: Analogues of Buddhist Themes in the Ethics and the Works of Early Spinozists
- Stoics and Bodhisattvas: Spiritual Exercise and Faith in Two Philosophical Traditions
- Studies in the Philosophy of the Bodhicaryāvatāra (2000)
- Sāntideva, The Bodhicaryāvatāra, Chapter 8 (verses 89-140)
- Tant que durera l'espace
- The Absence of Self and the Removal of Pain: How Śāntideva Destroyed the Bodhisattva Path
- The Awakening Mind (Tsering 2008)
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- The Bodhisattva Guide
- The Bodhisattva Path: Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra
- The Bodhisattva and the Ideal of Moral Wisdom in Śāntideva's Śikṣāsamuccaya
- The Case of 'Ju Mi pham (1846–1912) and Dpa' ris Rab gsal (1840–1912): A Study in Dgag lan Debate
- The Center of the Sunlit Sky
- The Changing Way of the Bodhisattva: Superheroes, Saints, and Social Workers
- The Circle of Compassion: An Interpretive Study of Karuṇā in Indian Buddhist Literature
- The Compassionate Gift of Vice: Śāntideva on Gifts, Altruism, and Poverty
- The Concept of Bodhicitta in Santideva's Bodhicaryavatara
- The Concept of Bodhicitta in Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra (Diss)
- The Concept of Bodhicitta in Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra-Review by Edelglass
- The Concept of Bodhicitta in Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra-Review by Tatz
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- The Elusive Buddhist Self: Preliminary Reflections on Its Denial
- The Ethics of Mahāyāna Buddhism in the Bodhicaryāvatāra
- The Ethics of Śaṅkara and Śāntideva
- The Ethics of Śaṅkara and Śāntideva-Review by Abramson
- The Ethics of Śaṅkara and Śāntideva-Review by Javanaud
- The Ethics of Śaṅkara and Śāntideva-Review by O'Leary
- The Meaning of Sugata in the Bodhicaryāvatārapañjikā
- The Metaphysical Basis of Śāntideva's Ethics
- The Middle Way of the Bodhisattva
- The Philosophical Basis of Worship in the Works of Śāntideva
- The Reality of Altruism: Reconstructing Śāntideva, A Review of Altruism and Reality: Studies in the Philosophy of the Bodhicāryāvatāra, by Paul Williams
- The Relationship between Morality and the Body in Monastic Training according to the Śikṣāsamuccaya
- The Role of Solitude (viveka) in the Eighth Chapter (Dhyānapāramitā) of the Bodhicaryāvatāra
- The Self and the Other in Bodhicaryāvatāra: Part 1
- The Self and the Suffering Other: Levinas and Śāntideva on the Ethics of Compassion
- The Selfless Removal of Pain: A Critical Glance at Śāntideva's Argument in Bodhicaryāvatāra 8: 101–3
- The Social Message of Mahayana Buddhism
- The Training Anthology of Śāntideva
- The Śāntideva Passage: Bodhicaryāvatāra VIII.90–103
- Theory and Comparison in the Discussion of Buddhist Ethics
- Traces of Consequentialism and Non-Consequentialism in Bodhisattva Ethics
- Two Kinds of Saṃvṛtis in the Bodhicaryāvatārapañjikā IX 3-8
- Uncommon Happiness
- Uses of the Illusion of Agency: Why Some Buddhists Should Believe in Free Will
- Virtuous Bodies
- Waking into Compassion: The Three Ālambana of Karuṇā
- What Is It Like to Be a Bodhisattva? Moral Phenomenology in Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra
- Where Does the Cetanic Break Take Place? Weakness of Will in Śāntideva’s Bodhicaryāvatāra
- Why War? Why Not Peace? Santideva's Answer to Einstein's Famous Question to Freud
- Zu einer zentralen philosophischen Kontroverse mit den "orthodoxen" Philosophen
- Zum Konzept der Leerheit im BCA
- Ācārya Śantideva's Humanism
- Śāntideva (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
- Śāntideva (Karen Lang)
- Śāntideva (Potter, Kalupahana, and Sweet)
- Śāntideva (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
- Śāntideva and Kant: An East-West Comparative Study in Ethics
- Śāntideva and an Ethic of Radical Compassion
- Śāntideva and the Mādhyamika: The Prajñāpāramitā-Pariccheda of the Bodhicaryāvatāra
- Śāntideva in the History of Mādhyamika Philosophy
- Śāntideva on Roots and Resolutions of Violence
- Śāntideva's Attitude towards Vijñāna Theory
- Śāntideva's Criticism of Vijñānavāda and Bodhicitta
- Śāntideva's Critique of 'I' or Self in the Early and Later Recensions of the Bodhi(sattva)caryāvatāra
- Śāntideva's Ethics of Impartial Compassion
- Śāntideva's Impartialist Ethics
- Śāntideva's Philosophy as Expressed in the Early Version of His Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra, Chapter 8
- Śāntideva, Virtue, and Consequentialism
- Śāntideva: Mystique Bouddhiste des VIIe et VIIIe siècles
- Śāntideva: Mystique Bouddhiste des VIIe et VIIIe siècles-Review by Cabezón
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Description
The project of comparing Stoicism and Buddhism may appear to be an improbable one. While the latter determines that we strive for an enlightenment that contributes to the liberation of all living beings, the doctrines of the former would seem to entail that this is impossible. Though both strongly affirm principles of causality and cyclicity in the constitution of the world, Buddhism apparently grants considerably more freedom of human agency than does Stoicism. Their conception of eternal return in the strict and literal sense is foreign to the Buddhist notion of the bodhisattva's ongoing spiritual progress through numberless lives. These distinctions, moreover, sometimes issue in markedly different ethical orientations: the Buddhist elevation of compassion in the constellation of cardinal virtues finds its Stoic pendant in a more restrained attitude of commiseration. (Source Accessed May 10, 2021)
Citation
Kapstein, Matthew T. "Stoics and Bodhisattvas: Spiritual Exercise and Faith in Two Philosophical Traditions." In Philosophy as a Way of Life: Ancients and Moderns; Essays in Honor of Pierre Hadot, edited by Michael Chase, Stephen R. L. Clark, and Michael McGhee, 99–115. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.
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