Moral Pluralism, Skillful Means, and Environmental Ethics
From Bodhicitta
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Moral Pluralism, Skillful Means, and Environmental Ethics
Journal Article
- A Buddhist 'good life' Theory: Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra
- A Buddhist Carol
- A Fearless Heart
- A Flash of Lightning in the Dark of Night
- A Mirror Is for Reflection
- A Nirvana that Is Burning in Hell: Pain and Flourishing in Mahayana Buddhist Moral Thought
- A Note on Mahāyāna Buddhism and the Bodhicaryāvatāra
- A Response to John Pettit
- A Role for Primordial Wisdom in the Buddhist Free Will Controversy
- A Selfless Response to an Illusory World: A Comparative Study of Śāntideva and Śaṅkara
- Altruism and Reality (1998)
- Altruism and Reality-Review by Franco
- Altruism and Reality-Review by Pettit
- Altruism as Antidote to Demagoguery: Shantideva’s Bodhicharyavatara Chapter 3 as Method for Countering Identity Divisions
- Altruism in the Charnel Ground: Śāntideva and Parfit on Anātman, Reductionism and Benevolence
- An Intoxication of Mouse Venom: Reading the Guide, Chapter 9
- An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics
- Becoming Bodhisattvas
- Bhadracaryāvidhi in the Śikṣāsamuccaya Chapt. 16
- Bile & Bodhisattvas: Śāntideva on Justified Anger
- Blasphemie und Sakrileg im Buddhismus in Geschichte und Gegenwart mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Verses Bodhicaryāvatāra 6.64
- Bodhi(sattva)caryāvatāra als Lehrschrift und Vorhaben: Zum Thema Ritual, Religion, Philosophie und Mystik im Buddhismus
- Bodhicaryāvatāra and Bodhicaryāvatāra-Pañjikā (Malalasekera)
- Bodhicaryāvatāra and Tibetan Mind Training (Lojong)
- Bodhicaryāvatāra: Governing the Bodhisattvas Way of Life
- Bodhicitta: Cultivating the Compassionate Mind of Enlightenment
- Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra: Exposition de la pratique des bodhisattvas
- Bodies and Embodiment in the Bodhicaryāvatāra
- Buddhism as Reductionism: Personal Identity and Ethics in Parfitian Readings of Buddhist Philosophy
- From Steven Collins to the Present
- Buddhist Ethics (2003)
- Buddhist Ethics and Globalization on the Basis of Bodhicaryavatara
- Buddhist Ethics in the Context of Conventional Truth: Path and Transformation
- Buddhist Texts Through the Ages
- Built on Emptiness: Śūnyatā as a Basis for Mahāyāna Ethics, With References to Śāntideva’s Bodhicaryāvatāra
- Can We Kill Illusory People? Some Philosophical Reflections on Bodhi(sattva)caryāvatāra 9:11-13ab
- Comparative Confession: A Comparative Study of Confession in the Writings of Tertullian, Cassian, and Śāntideva
- Compassion and the Net of Indra
- Compassion as a Matter of Fact: The Argument from No-Self to Selflessness in Śāntideva's Śikṣāsamuccaya
- Compassion in Mahayana Buddhism
- Compassion in Our Day: Learning from Shantideva
- Compassion in Schopenhauer and Śāntideva
- Conclusion: The Socratic Paradigm
- Consequences of Compassion
- Consequences of Compassion: An Interpretation and Defense of Buddhist Ethics-Review by Meyers
- Consequentialism, Agent-Neutrality, and Mahāyāna Ethics
- Consequentialism, Particularism, and the Emptiness of Persons: A Response to Vishnu Sridharan
- Cooking Living Beings: The Transformative Effects of Encounters with Bodhisattva Bodies
- Courageous Compassion
- Cultivating Bodhicitta: Wisdom and Compassion in Śāntideva's Introduction to the Awakened Life
- Das 7. Kapitel über die Tatkraft in Śāntidevas Bodhicaryāvatāra
- Das Ritual der Entschlussfassung im Bodhicaryāvatāra (Kap. II und III)
- Demandingness, Self-Interest and Benevolence in Santideva's Introduction to the Practice of Awakening (Bodhicaryavatara)
- Did Śāntideva Destroy the Bodhisattva Path?
- Does "Buddhist Ethics" Exist?
- Does Anātman Rationally Entail Altruism? On Bodhicaryāvatāra 8:101-103
- Drops of Nectar: Khenpo Kunpal's Commentary on Shantideva's Entering the Conduct of the Bodhisattvas
- Emptiness and Moral Perfection
- Enlightenment to Go
- Ethical Revaluation in the Thought of Śāntideva
- Ethics (Garfield)
- Ethics and the Subversion of Conceptual Reification in Lévinas and Śāntideva
- Ethics in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism
- Ethics in Schopenhauer and Buddhism
- Ethics in the Śikṣāsamuccaya: A Study in Mahāyāna Morality
- Ethics without Self, Dharma without Atman
- Exchanging Self and Other
- Experience and Morality: Buddhist Ethics as Moral Phenomenology
- Extreme Giving: The Vessantara Jātaka and Shantideva's A Guide to the Bodhisattva Way of Life
- Following in the Buddha's Footsteps
- Freedom from Responsibility: Agent-Neutral Consequentialism and the Bodhisattva Ideal
- From Madhyamaka to Consequentialism: A Road Map
- Guidance for the Spiritual Caregiver from the Bodhicaryavatara by Shantideva
- Healing Anger
- Healing Anger: The Power of Patience from a Buddhist Perspective-Review by Naga
- Hume as a Western Mādhyamika: The Case from Ethics
- Innate Human Connectivity and Śāntideva's Cultivation of Compassion
- Internal and External Opposition to the Bodhisattva's Gift of His Body
- La conception de la realité dans L'Entrèe dans la voie de l'illumination de Santideva
- Madhyamaka Ethics
- Mapping the Bodhicaryāvatāra
- Mental Purification (Blo sbyong): A Native Tibetan Genre of Religious Literature
- Mindfulness and Ethics: Attention, Virtue and Perfection
- Mindfulness and Moral Transformation: Awakening to Others in Śāntideva's Ethics
- Moderation or the Middle Way: Two Approaches to Anger
- Moonpaths: Ethics and Emptiness
- Moral Pluralism, Skillful Means, and Environmental Ethics
- Moral Theory in Śāntideva's Śikṣāsamuccaya
- Moral Theory in Śāntideva's Śikṣāsamuccaya-Review by Osto
- Moral Theory in Śāntideva's Śikṣāsamuccaya: Cultivating the Fruits of Virtue-Review by Goodman
- Nichtselbst, Leerheit und Altruistische Ethik im Bodhicaryāvatāra (Lecture Transcript)
- Nichtselbst, Leerheit und Altruistische Ethik im Bodhicaryāvatāra (Official Publication)
- On Altruism and Rebirth: Philosophical Comments on Bodhicaryāvatāra 8: 97-8
- On Learning to Overhear the "Vanishing Poet"
- On the Classification of Śāntideva's Ethics in the Bodhicaryāvatāra
- On Śāntideva's Position in the History of Mādhyamika Philosophy
- One Aspect of the Acceptance of the Bodhisattva-śīla in Tibet
- Patience and Perspective
- Peaceful Heart
- Perfecting Patience
- Plant Seed, Pull Weed
- Puṇya and Pāp in Public Health: Everyday Religion, Material Culture, and Avenues of Buddhist Activism in Urban Kathmandu
- Readings of Śāntideva's Guide to Bodhisattva Practice
- Readings of Śāntideva's Guide to Bodhisattva Practice-Review by Harris
- Reason and Knowledge on the Path: A Protreptic Reading of the Guide
- Reason, Irrationality and Akrasia (Weakness of the Will) in Buddhism: Reflections upon Śāntideva's Arguments with Himself
- René Girard, Śāntideva, and the Emptiness of Desire
- Reply to Paul Williams
- Resentment and Reality: Buddhism on Moral Responsibility
- Response to Mark Siderits' Review
- Seeing Sentient Beings: Śāntideva's Moral Phenomenology
- Self-Sceptical Ethics and Selfless Morality: A Historical and Cross-Cultural Overview
- Selfhood and the Metaphysics of Altruism
- Selfless Ethics: The Equality of Non-Existence
- Selflessness and Normativity: Śāntideva and Emptiness Ethics
- Shantideva's Bodhicaryavatara: An Internal Pilgrimage to Universal Peace and Compassion
- Shantideva: How to Wake Up a Hero
- Spinoza through the Prism of Later 'East-West' Exchanges: Analogues of Buddhist Themes in the Ethics and the Works of Early Spinozists
- Stoics and Bodhisattvas: Spiritual Exercise and Faith in Two Philosophical Traditions
- Studies in the Philosophy of the Bodhicaryāvatāra (2000)
- The Absence of Self and the Removal of Pain: How Śāntideva Destroyed the Bodhisattva Path
- The Awakening Mind (Tsering 2008)
- The Bodhi-caryâvatāra and Its Monastic Aspects: On the Problem of Representation
- The Bodhisattva Guide
- The Bodhisattva Path: Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra
- The Bodhisattva and the Ideal of Moral Wisdom in Śāntideva's Śikṣāsamuccaya
- The Changing Way of the Bodhisattva: Superheroes, Saints, and Social Workers
- The Circle of Compassion: An Interpretive Study of Karuṇā in Indian Buddhist Literature
- The Compassionate Gift of Vice: Śāntideva on Gifts, Altruism, and Poverty
- The Concept of Bodhicitta in Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra (Diss)
- The Connection between Ontology and Ethics in Madhyamaka Thought
- The Elusive Buddhist Self: Preliminary Reflections on Its Denial
- The Ethics of Mahāyāna Buddhism in the Bodhicaryāvatāra
- The Ethics of Śaṅkara and Śāntideva
- The Ethics of Śaṅkara and Śāntideva-Review by Abramson
- The Ethics of Śaṅkara and Śāntideva-Review by Javanaud
- The Ethics of Śaṅkara and Śāntideva-Review by O'Leary
- The Metaphysical Basis of Śāntideva's Ethics
- The Reality of Altruism: Reconstructing Śāntideva, A Review of Altruism and Reality: Studies in the Philosophy of the Bodhicāryāvatāra, by Paul Williams
- The Relationship between Morality and the Body in Monastic Training according to the Śikṣāsamuccaya
- The Self and the Other in Bodhicaryāvatāra: Part 1
- The Self and the Suffering Other: Levinas and Śāntideva on the Ethics of Compassion
- The Selfless Removal of Pain: A Critical Glance at Śāntideva's Argument in Bodhicaryāvatāra 8: 101–3
- The Social Message of Mahayana Buddhism
- The Training Anthology of Śāntideva
- The Śāntideva Passage: Bodhicaryāvatāra VIII.90–103
- Theory and Comparison in the Discussion of Buddhist Ethics
- Traces of Consequentialism and Non-Consequentialism in Bodhisattva Ethics
- Uncommon Happiness
- Uses of the Illusion of Agency: Why Some Buddhists Should Believe in Free Will
- Virtuous Bodies
- Waking into Compassion: The Three Ālambana of Karuṇā
- What Is It Like to Be a Bodhisattva? Moral Phenomenology in Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra
- Where Does the Cetanic Break Take Place? Weakness of Will in Śāntideva’s Bodhicaryāvatāra
- Why War? Why Not Peace? Santideva's Answer to Einstein's Famous Question to Freud
- Ācārya Śantideva's Humanism
- Śāntideva (Karen Lang)
- Śāntideva (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
- Śāntideva and Kant: An East-West Comparative Study in Ethics
- Śāntideva and an Ethic of Radical Compassion
- Śāntideva on Roots and Resolutions of Violence
- Śāntideva's Ethics of Impartial Compassion
- Śāntideva's Impartialist Ethics
- Śāntideva, Virtue, and Consequentialism
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Description
J. Baird Callicott claims that moral pluralism leads to relativism, skepticism, and the undermining of moral obligations. Buddhist ethics provides a counterexample to Callicott; it is a robust tradition of moral pluralism. Focusing on one of the most significant texts in Buddhist ethics, Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra, I show how it draws on a multiplicity of moral principles determined by context and skillful means (upāya kauśalya). In contrast to Callicott's description of pluralism as detrimental to moral life, I suggest that South Asian Buddhist traditions provide a model of moral reasoning that is both robust and flexible, a model appropriate for the many kinds of moral obligations that arise in the context of environmental ethics.
Citation
Edelglass, Wiliam. "Moral Pluralism, Skillful Means, and Environmental Ethics." Environmental Philosophy 3, no. 2 (2006): 8–16.
Interconnections
1 Scholarship on
An "Introduction to Bodhisattva Practice," the Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra is a poem about the path of a bodhisattva, in ten chapters, written by the Indian Buddhist Śāntideva (fl. c. 685–763). One of the masterpieces of world literature, it is a core text of Mahāyāna Buddhism and continues to be taught, studied, and commented upon in many languages and by many traditions around the world. The main subject of the text is bodhicitta, the altruistic aspiration for enlightenment, and the path and practices of the bodhisattva, the six perfections (pāramitās). The text forms the basis of many contemporary discussions of Buddhist ethics and philosophy.
