Rattnaguṇasaṃcayagāthā. (T. Yon tan rin po che sdud pa tshigs su bcad pa; C. Fomu baodezang bore boluomi jing; J. Butsumo hōtokuzō hannya haramitsukyō; K. Pulmo podǒkchang panya paramil kyǒng 佛母寶德藏般若波羅蜜經. In Sanskrit, "Verses on the Collection of Precious Qualities," the longer title is
Prajñāpāramitāratnaguṇasaṃcayagāthā, or "Verses on the Collection of the Precious Qualities of the Perfection of Wisdom." The
Ratnaguṇasaṃcayagāthā epitomizes the early Mahāyāna in its emphasis on the emptiness (
śūnyatā) of the aggregates (
skandha) and its praise of the path of the
bodhisattva over that of the
arhat. The text is considered to be of particular importance in the history of the Mahāyāna because many of its verses, particularly those that appear early in the text, may represent some of the earliest expressions of Mahāyāna philosophy and may date as far back as 100 BCE. Another indication of the text’s antiquity is that it was translated into Chinese as early as the second century CE. The only extant Sanskrit version is that edited in the eighth century by Haribhadra to conform to the structure of the
Abhisamayālaṃkāra, making the precise order of the original verses difficult to determine. Many Mahāyāna sūtras are composed of alternating verse and prose. The verses of the
Ratnaguṇasaṃcayagāthā are written in an ancient meter, suggesting to some that they constitute part of an original sūtra, with the
Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā ("Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines") supplying the prose section. However, because the verses that appear in the
Ratnaguṇasaṃcayagāthā are not in all cases identical to those in the
Aṣṭasāhasrikā, the
Ratnaguṇasaṃcayagāthā may have originally been a separate work. It appears as the verse recapitulations in the Chinese translation of the
Aṣṭasāhasrikā and as the eighty-fourth chapter of the
Aṣṭadaśasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā ("Perfection of Wisdom in Eighteen Thousand Lines") in its Tibetan translation. (Source: "Ratnaguṇasaṃcayagāthā." In
The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, 702. Princeton University Press, 2014.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)