1.31

Bodhicaryāvatāra · Verse 1.31

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Bodhicaryāvatāra Verses  |  Chapter 1

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Dūnhuáng §This version is extracted from the book [[Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra: Entering the Way of the Bodhisattvas (2022, Khenpo Gawang and Wiener)]], a translation of an edition of the text created from three Dūnhuáng manuscripts. A description and sample pages of these can be found on the [https://earlytibet.com/2014/02/04/the-original-bodhicaryavatara/ Early Tibet Blog]. Scans of the actual manuscripts themselves can be found at http://idp.bl.uk

Sanskrit §No information about the source used.

Standard Tibetan §Padmakara used the 1990 edition printed by si khron mi rigs dpe skrun khang: [[Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa (1990)]]. Also found in Derge Tengyur D3871, dbu ma, vol. 105, la 1b1–40a7.

Tsadra Critical Edition §This text was created by comparing four versions of the text from Derge, Cone, Narthang, and Peking Tengyurs from BDRC scans, along with Dunhuang manuscripts IOL Tib J 628, 629, and 630. When Tibetan readings were problematic, the Sanskrit texts from GRETIL and LTB (Oslo) were consulted.

Sanskrit §No information about the source used.

source

translation

कृते यः प्रतिकुर्वीत सोऽपि तावत्प्रशस्यते। अव्यापारितसाधुस्तु बोधिसत्त्वः किमुच्यताम्॥

kṛte yaḥ pratikurvīta so’pi tāvatpraśasyate। avyāpāritasādhustu bodhisattvaḥ kimucyatām॥

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Chanted Verse

Recitation by Professor Kashinath Nyaupane

31

People praise someone who returns a favor, but what will we say of the bodhisattva, whose kindness is not due to any request?

Gomez 2017

How to Be a Bodhisattva: Introduction to the Practice of the Bodhisattva Path (The Bodhicaryāvatāra)

Standard Tibetan §Padmakara used the 1990 edition printed by si khron mi rigs dpe skrun khang: Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa (1990). Also found in Derge Tengyur D3871, dbu ma, vol. 105, la 1b1–40a7.

source

translation

ཕན་བཏགས་ལན་ལྡོན་གང་ཡིན་པ། །

དེ་ཡང་རེ་ཞིག་བསྔགས་འོས་ན། ། མ་བཅོལ་ལེགས་པར་བྱེད་པ་ཡི། །

བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་སྨོས་ཅི་[p.8]Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa (1990)
Slob dpon zhi ba lha and Mkhan po kun dpal. Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa. Khreng tu'u: Si khron mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1990. དགོས། །

phan btags lan ldon gang yin pa/_/

de yang re zhig bsngags 'os na/_/ ma bcol legs par byed pa yi/_/

byang chub sems dpa' smos ci [p.8]Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa (1990)
Slob dpon zhi ba lha and Mkhan po kun dpal. Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa. Khreng tu'u: Si khron mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1990. dgos/_/

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Chanted Verse

Recitation by Lopen Karma Phuntsho

31

If someone who returns a favor

Is deserving of some praise, Why need we speak of Bodhisattvas,

Those who do good even unsolicited?

Padmakara 2006

The Way of the Bodhisattva (2006)

Browse other translations

Standard Tibetan §Padmakara used the 1990 edition printed by si khron mi rigs dpe skrun khang: Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa (1990). Also found in Derge Tengyur D3871, dbu ma, vol. 105, la 1b1–40a7. - Other translations

Si l’on commence par l’éloge de ceux

Qui rendent le bien pour le bien, Que dira-t-on des bodhisattvas

Qui font le bien sans qu’on leur ait demandé ?

Padmakara France 2007

Bodhicaryâvatâra: La marche vers l'éveil (2007)

Si es digno de elogio

quien devuelve un favor, ¿qué diremos de los bodisatvas

que hacen el bien aunque no se les haya pedido?

Padmakara Spain 2008

La Práctica del Bodisatva

If any repaying of benefit

Is momentarily praiseworthy, What need is there to mention the bodhisattva

That does good without being asked to?

Stracke 2016

The Entrance for the Children of the Conquerors

If one who repays a kind deed

Is for the time being worthy of praise, What need to mention the Bodhisattvas,

Whose excellent deeds are unrequested?[p.67]A Commentary on Shantideva's Engaging in the Conduct of the Bodhisattvas
Gyaltsen, Lama Kalsang, and Ani Kunga Chodron, trans. A Commentary on Shantideva's Engaging in the Conduct of the Bodhisattvas Written by Sazang Mati Panchen: Known as An Extremely Clear Illumination of the Meaning of the Text. Walden, NY: Tsechen Kunchab Ling, 2019. First edition published by The Yeshe Dorje Foundation in 2006.

Chodron & Gyaltsen 2019

A Commentary on Shantideva's Engaging in the Conduct of the Bodhisattvas

shift + scroll / swipe

Dūnhuáng §This version is extracted from the book Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra: Entering the Way of the Bodhisattvas (2022, Khenpo Gawang and Wiener), a translation of an edition of the text created from three Dūnhuáng manuscripts. A description and sample pages of these can be found on the Early Tibet Blog. Scans of the actual manuscripts themselves can be found at http://idp.bl.uk

source

translation

ཕན་བཏགས་ལན་གློན་གང་ཡིན་བ། །

དེ་ཡང་རེ་ཤིག་བསྔགས་འོས་ན། ། མ་བཅོལ་ལེགས་པ་བྱེད་པ་ཡི། །

བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་སྨོས་ཅི་དགོས། །

phan btags lan glon gang yin ba/_/

de yang re shig bsngags 'os na/_/ ma bcol legs pa byed pa yi/_/

byang chub sems dpa' smos ci dgos/_/

alt verse 1.28 tm data

If a person who repays kindness

Is suitable of praise for a little while, What need is there to speak of the bodhisattva

Who engages in excellent activities while not being asked.

Gawang & Wiener 2022

Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra: Entering the Way of the Bodhisattvas (2022, Khenpo Gawang and Wiener)

Tsadra Critical Edition §This text was created by comparing four versions of the text from Derge, Cone, Narthang, and Peking Tengyurs from BDRC scans, along with Dunhuang manuscripts IOL Tib J 628, 629, and 630. When Tibetan readings were problematic, the Sanskrit texts from GRETIL and LTB (Oslo) were consulted.

ཕན་བཏགས་ལན་ལོན་13སྣར་ཐང་དང་པེ་ཅིང་༴ ‘ལན་ལྡོན་’གང་ཡིན་པ། །

དེ་ཡང་རེ་ཞིག་བསྔགས་འོས་ན། ། མ་བཅོལ་ལེགས་པར་བྱེད་པ་ཡི། །

བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་སྨོས་ཅི་དགོས། །

phan btags lan lon 13snar thang dang pe cing = ‘lan ldon ’gang yin pa/_/

de yang re zhig bsngags 'os na/_/ ma bcol legs par byed pa yi/_/

byang chub sems dpa' smos ci dgos/_/

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Tsadra Critical Edition

The Written Works of Śāntideva (Phuntsho 2025)

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Commentaries

Media on this verse

On this Chapter

[edit]

Sazang Mati
1294 - 1376

Gyaltsap Je
1364 - 1432

Kunzang Sönam
1823 - 1905

Kunzang Palden
1862 - 1943

Sazang Mati (1294 - 1376)

A Commentary on Shantideva's Engaging in the Conduct of the Bodhisattvas (citation)Gyaltsen, Lama Kalsang, and Ani Kunga Chodron, trans. A Commentary on Shantideva's Engaging in the Conduct of the Bodhisattvas Written by Sazang Mati Panchen: Known as An Extremely Clear Illumination of the Meaning of the Text. Walden, NY: Tsechen Kunchab Ling, 2019. Bilingual Edition

source

translation

(གསུམ་པ་)བསྔགས་འོས་ཀུན་ལས་མཆོག་ཏུ་འགྱུར་ཚུལ་ནི།

3. How it becomes the most exalted among all other objects of veneration 1.2.2.2.3

ཕན་བཏགས་ལན་ལྡོན་གང་ཡིན་པ། །

དེ་ཡང་རེ་ཞིག་བསྔགས་འོས་ན། ། མ་བཅོལ་ལེགས་པར་བྱེད་པ་ཡི། །

བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་སྨོས་ཅི་[p.8]Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa (1990)
Slob dpon zhi ba lha and Mkhan po kun dpal. Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa. Khreng tu'u: Si khron mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1990. དགོས། །

phan btags lan ldon gang yin pa/_/

de yang re zhig bsngags 'os na/_/ ma bcol legs par byed pa yi/_/

byang chub sems dpa' smos ci [p.8]Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa (1990)
Slob dpon zhi ba lha and Mkhan po kun dpal. Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa. Khreng tu'u: Si khron mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1990. dgos/_/

Verse 1.31  ·  Verse tm

If one who repays a kind deed

Is for the time being worthy of praise, What need to mention the Bodhisattvas,

Whose excellent deeds are unrequested?[p.67]A Commentary on Shantideva's Engaging in the Conduct of the Bodhisattvas
Gyaltsen, Lama Kalsang, and Ani Kunga Chodron, trans. A Commentary on Shantideva's Engaging in the Conduct of the Bodhisattvas Written by Sazang Mati Panchen: Known as An Extremely Clear Illumination of the Meaning of the Text. Walden, NY: Tsechen Kunchab Ling, 2019. First edition published by The Yeshe Dorje Foundation in 2006.

སྔར་ཕན་བཏགས་པ་ལ་འདིས་བདག་ལ་ཕན་བཏགས་སོ་ཞེས་ཕན་པའི་ལན་ལྡོན་པའི་གང་ཟག་གང་ཡིན་པ༵་དེ་ཡང་རེ་ཞིག་འཇིག་རྟེན་ན་རིགས་པ་བྱེད་པའོ་ཞེས་བསྟོད་ཅིང་བསྔགས་པར་འོས་ན༵། སྔར་ཕན་བཏགས་པའི་ལན་མེད་ཅིང་གཞན་གྱིས་མ་བཅོལ་ཡང་སྙིང་རྗེས་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ལེགས་ཤིང་དགེ་བ་ལ་སྦྱར་ནས་ལན་དང་རྣམ་པར་སྨིན་པ་ལ་མི་རེ་བར་ཕན་འདོགས་པར་བྱེད་པ༵འི་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་དང་ལྡན་པ་གང་ཡིན་པ་དེ་བསྟོད་ཅིང་ཕྱག་འཚལ་བ་དང་མཆོད་ཅིང་བསྔགས་པར་འོས་པ་ལྟ་སྨོས་ཀྱང་ཅི་དགོས༵་ཞེས་པའོ། །

If someone who was helped by another thinks, “That person helped me, so I should repay him,” such a person is considered worthy of temporary praise by the worldly. Then what need to mention how worthy of veneration and praise is a Bodhisattva? Based on compassion for every sentient being, even without request for help or in repayment of benefit, a Bodhisattva is dedicated to engaging in virtue for the benefit and happiness of others without expectation of reward or appreciation.

Gyaltsap Je (1364 - 1432)

The Entrance for the Children of the Conquerors (citation)Stracke, Fedor, trans. The Entrance for the Children of the Conquerors: A Commentary on the Introduction to the Actions of Bodhisattvas. By Gyaltsab Rinpoche. N.p.: Happy Monks Publication, 2016. https://happymonkspublication.org/product/bodhisattvacharyavatara-chapter-1-10-commentary/. Bilingual Edition

source

translation

བཞི་བ་ལ་གསུམ།

Praising the Person that has Generated such a Mind 1.2.2.2.1.2.4

དང་པོ་ནི།

Suitable for Praise because of Helping out of Compassion Without Being Asked 1.2.2.2.1.2.4.1

ཕན་བཏགས་ལན་ལྡོན་གང་ཡིན་པ། །

དེ་ཡང་རེ་ཞིག་བསྔགས་འོས་ན། ། མ་བཅོལ་ལེགས་པར་བྱེད་པ་ཡི། །

བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་སྨོས་ཅི་[p.8]Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa (1990)
Slob dpon zhi ba lha and Mkhan po kun dpal. Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa. Khreng tu'u: Si khron mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1990. དགོས། །

phan btags lan ldon gang yin pa/_/

de yang re zhig bsngags 'os na/_/ ma bcol legs par byed pa yi/_/

byang chub sems dpa' smos ci [p.8]Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa (1990)
Slob dpon zhi ba lha and Mkhan po kun dpal. Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa. Khreng tu'u: Si khron mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1990. dgos/_/

Verse 1.31  ·  Verse tm

If any repaying of benefit

Is momentarily praiseworthy, What need is there to mention the bodhisattva

That does good without being asked to?

བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་རྣམས་ལ་བསྟོད་ཅིང་བསྔགས་པར་བྱ་བ་ཡིན་ཏེ། འཇིག་རྟེན་ན་སྔར་ཕན་བཏགས་པ་ལ་ལན་ལྡོག་པ་གང་ཡིན་པ་དེ་ལའང་བྱས་པ་གཟོ་བའི་སྐྱེས་བུ་ཡིན་ནོ་ཞེས་རེ་ཞིག་བསྔགས་པར་འོས་ན་མ་བཅོལ་ཡང་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོས་དྲངས་ནས་ལེགས་པར་བྱེད་པ་ཕན་བདེ་མཐའ་དག་སྒྲུབ་པའི་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་ལྷ་མིར་བཅས་པས་བསྔགས་པར་འོས་པ་སྨོས་ཅི་དགོས་ཞེས་པའོ། །

One should praise and eulogise bodhisattvas. In worldly terms, someone that repays a kindness is praised, saying, “That is a grateful person.” What need is there to mention the bodhisattvas, who achieve all happiness and benefit out of compassion, without being asked to, are worthy of praise by gods and humans?

Minyak Kunzang Sönam (1823 - 1905)

The Great Hūṃ (citation)Duckworth, Douglas, trans. The Great Hūṃ: A Commentary on Śāntideva's Way of the Bodhisattva. By Minyak Kunzang Sönam. New York, NY: Wisdom Publications, 2025. Bilingual Edition

source

translation

གསུམ་པ་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་རྒྱུད་གྱི་གང་ཟག་གི་ཆེ་བ་བཤད་པ་ནི།

The greatness of a person who has generated the spirit of awakening in their continuum 1.1.2.3

This shows the supreme praiseworthiness:

ཕན་བཏགས་ལན་ལྡོན་གང་ཡིན་པ། །

དེ་ཡང་རེ་ཞིག་བསྔགས་འོས་ན། ། མ་བཅོལ་ལེགས་པར་བྱེད་པ་ཡི། །

བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་སྨོས་ཅི་དགོས། །

Given that someone who returns a favor

is then praiseworthy,[p.89]The Great Hum
Duckworth, Douglas, trans. The Great Hūṃ: A Commentary on Śāntideva's Way of the Bodhisattva. By Minyak Kunzang Sönam. New York, NY: Wisdom Publications, 2025. it is needless to mention about bodhisattvas

who do good without being prompted. (1.31)

སྔར་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཞིང་ཉམ་ཐག་པའི་སྐབས་ལྟ་བུར་ཕན་བཏགས་པ་ལ་ཕྱིས་འདིས་བདག་ལ་དེའི་ཚེ་ཕན་བཏགས་སོ་ཞེས་ཕན་ལན་ལྡོན་པ་གང་ཡིན་པ་དེ་ལ་ཡང་འཇིག་རྟེན་ན་འདི་ནི་བྱས་པ་ཤེས་ཤིང་དྲིན་དུ་གཟོ་བའི་སྐྱེས་བུ་ཡ་རབས་ཡིན་ནོ་ཞེས་རེ་ཞིག་སྟེ་ཐོག་མར་བསྔགས་ང་ར་འོས་པ་ཡིན་ན། སྔར་ཕན་བཏགས་པ་སོགས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ནས་དྲིན་ཅི་ཡང་མེད་ཅིང་ཕན་འདོགས་གྱིས་ཤིག་ཅེས་སུས་ཀྱང་གསོལ་བ་བཏབ་སྟེ་མ་བཅོལ་ཡང་། ཐེག་ཆེན་གྱི་རིགས་དང་ལྡན་པ་རྣམས་ནི་རང་བཞིན་གྱི་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཉིད་ཡིན་ཕྱིར་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོ་ནས་ཡིད་དབང་མེད་དུ་དྲངས་ནས་ལན་དང་རྣམ་སྨིན་སོགས་གང་ལའང་ལྟོས་པ་མེད་པ་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་ཉེ་རིང་མཉམ་པ་ཉིད་དུ་བལྟས་ནས་ལེགས་པར་ཕན་འདོགས་ཤིང་བདེ་དགེ་འབའ་ཞིག་ལ་སྦྱོར་བར་བྱེད་པ་ཡི་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་གང་ཡིན་པ་དེ་དག་ནི་འགྲོ་བ་ལྷ་དང་མིར་བཅས་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱིས་ཆེས་ཆེར་བསྔགས་འོས་ཡིན་པ་སྨོས་ཅི་དགོས་ཞེས་པའོ། །དེ་ལྟར་བསྔགས་འོས་པར་མ་ཟད་ཕྱག་མཆོད་སོགས་ཀྱང་བྱ་འོས་སོ་ཞེས་ཀྱང་བཤད་དོ། །

When someone has previously helped another in a time of pain and need, and later that person returns the favor, with the thought that “this person has helped me before,” the world holds that person then, right away, to be praiseworthy, saying that he is a courteous person who is thoughtful and gracious. Given that this is the case, it is needless to mention that bodhisattvas are worthy of tremendous praise by everyone, gods and humans. Even without having received any kindness or benefit from another, nor having been encouraged or prompted to help, those with the Mahāyāna heritage have qualities like natural, great compassion, so their minds are moved by great compassion. [53] Without any concern for being repaid or rewarded, they regard all beings—those near and far—as equal and endeavor to benefit them and bring them only virtue and happiness. Not only are they worthy of praise, but it is said that they are worthy of veneration and offerings, too.

Kunzang Palden (1862 - 1943)

The Nectar of Manjushri's Speech (citation)Blankleder, Helena, and Wulstan Fletcher (Padmakara Translation Group), trans. The Nectar of Manjushri's Speech: A Detailed Commentary on Shantideva's Way of the Bodhisattva. By Kunzang Pelden. Boston: Shambhala Publications, 2007. Bilingual Edition

source

translation

གསུམ་པ་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་རྒྱུད་ལྡན་གྱི་གང་ཟག་གི་ཆེ་བ་ནི།

The Greatness of a Person Who Possesses Bodhichitta 2.2.3.2.3.

ཕན་བཏགས་ལན་ལྡོན་གང་ཡིན་པ། །

དེ་ཡང་རེ་ཞིག་བསྔགས་འོས་ན། ། མ་བཅོལ་ལེགས་པར་བྱེད་པ་ཡི། །

བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་སྨོས་ཅི་[p.8]Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa (1990)
Slob dpon zhi ba lha and Mkhan po kun dpal. Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa. Khreng tu'u: Si khron mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1990. དགོས། །

phan btags lan ldon gang yin pa/_/

de yang re zhig bsngags 'os na/_/ ma bcol legs par byed pa yi/_/

byang chub sems dpa' smos ci [p.8]Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa (1990)
Slob dpon zhi ba lha and Mkhan po kun dpal. Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa. Khreng tu'u: Si khron mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1990. dgos/_/

Verse 1.31  ·  Verse tm

སྔར་ཟས་ནོར་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ཕན་བཏགས་པ་ལ་ཕྱིས་འདིས་ཕན་བཏགས་སོ་ཞེས་ཚུར་ལན་ལྡོན་པ་གང་ཡིན་པ་དེ་ཡང༌།

If someone who returns a favor

Is deserving of some praise, Why need we speak of Bodhisattvas,

Those who do good even unsolicited?

Those who acknowledge and repay the good that others have done to them in the past through the gift of such things as food or money are considered in this world to be worthy of praise. For as the saying goes:

བྱས་པ་ཤེས་ཤིང་དྲིན་བཟོ་བའི། །[p.199]Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa (1990)
Slob dpon zhi ba lha and Mkhan po kun dpal. Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa rtsa ba dang 'grel pa. Khreng tu'u: Si khron mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1990. མི་ལ་དཔལ་མགོན་ཉེ་བར་གནས། །

Honor and protection stay close by
The man who recognizes and repays the favors done to him.

ཞེས་བྱས་པ་ཤེས་པ་ལ་ལྷ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་བསྲུང་བ་སོགས་ཡོན་ཏན་ཡང་ཆེ་ཞིང་རེ་ཞིག་འཇིག་རྟེན་ན་བསྟོད་ཅིང་བསྔགས་པར་འོས་ན། སྔར་རང་གི་ཕར་ཕན་མ་བཏགས་ཤིང་ཕན་པ་སྒྲུབ་པར་སུས་ཀྱང་མ་བཅོལ་བཞིན་དུ་འདི་ཕྱི་ཀུན་ཏུ་ལེགས་པའམ་ཕན་བདེའི་ཐབས་འབའ་ཞིག་སྒྲུབ་པར་བྱེད་པ་ཡི་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་རྣམས་ལ་མཆོད་ཅིང་བསྟོད་དེ་བསྔགས་པར་འོས་པ་སྨོས་ཅི་དགོས་སོ། །

Those who show their gratitude are protected by the gods themselves, and they possess other great excellent attributes. This being so, what shall we say of the Bodhisattvas, who do good where no good has been done to them before and who strive only in the means to achieve the benefit of beings both now and in future lives, without ever being asked? What need is there to say that they are worthy of offerings and praise?

[edit]

[edit]

Weeraratne, D. Amarasiri. "Bodhicaryāvatāra." The Maha-Bodhi 79, nos. 2–3 (1971): 406–9.

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Śāntideva (ཞི་བ་ལྷ་). Bodhicaryāvatāra [बोधिचर्यावतार]. byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa [བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་སྤྱོད་པ་ལ་འཇུག་པ།]. [The Way of the Bodhisattva]. Tengyur, RKTST 3216 http://www.rkts.org/cat.php?id=3216&typ=2.

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Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

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Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

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Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

Go to the page with the definition of 'Bodhisattvas'

Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

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Gotra - Disposition, lineage, or class; an individual's gotra determines the type of enlightenment one is destined to attain. Skt गोत्र  Tib རིགས་  Ch 鍾姓,種性  

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Nariman, Gushtaspshah Kaikhushro. "Shantideva." In Literary History of Sanskrit Buddhism: (From Winternitz, Sylvain Levi, Huber), 100-109. Bombay: Indian Book Depot, 1923. https://archive.org/details/literaryhistoryo00nariuoft/page/100/mode/2up.

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Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

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Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

Go to the page with the definition of 'byang chub sems dpa''

Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

Go to the page with the definition of 'byang chub sems dpa''

Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

Go to the page with the definition of 'byang chub sems dpa''

Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

Go to the page with the definition of 'Bodhisattva'

Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

Go to the page with the definition of 'Bodhisattva'

Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

Go to the page with the definition of 'Bodhisattva'

Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

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Karuṇā - Skt करुणा  Tib ཐུགས་རྗེ་  Ch 悲  

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Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

Go to the page with the definition of 'bodhisattva'

Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

Go to the page with the definition of 'bodhisattva'

Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

Go to the page with the definition of 'bodhisattva'

Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

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Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

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Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

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Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

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Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

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Tsukamoto, Keisho, Yukei Matsunaga, and Hirofumi Isoda, eds. "Śāntideva." In A Descriptive Bibliography of the Sanskrit Buddhist Literature. Vol. 3, Abhidharma, Madhyamaka, Yogācāra, Buddhist Epistemology and Logic, 250–69. Kyoto: Heirakuji-Shoten, 1990.

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Lang, Karen. "Śāntideva." In Buddhist Philosophy from 600 to 750 A.D., edited by Karl H. Potter, 137–39. Vol. 21 of Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2017.

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Goodman, Charles. "Śāntideva." In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Accessed March 15, 2021. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/shantideva/

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Potter, Karl H., David J. Kalupahana, and Michael J. Sweet. "Śāntideva." In Buddhist Philosophy from 600 to 750 A.D., edited by Karl H. Potter, 516–25. Vol. 21 of Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2017.

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Potter, Karl H. ed. "Śāntideva." In Bibliography: Part 1, Texts Whose Authors Can Be Dated; Authors Listed Chronologically, 5th through 9th Century. Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies. Online edition. Last updated Apr 15, 2020. https://faculty.washington.edu/kpotter/xtxt2.htm.

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Lele, Amod. "Śāntideva." In Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by James Fieser and Bradley Dowden. Accessed Feb. 11, 2021. https://iep.utm.edu/santideva/.

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Mahāyāna - Mahāyāna, or the Great Vehicle, refers to the system of Buddhist thought and practice which developed around the beginning of Common Era, focusing on the pursuit of the state of full enlightenment of the Buddha through the realization of the wisdom of emptiness and the cultivation of compassion. Skt महायान  Tib ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ།  Ch 大乘  

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Karuṇā - Skt करुणा  Tib ཐུགས་རྗེ་  Ch 悲  

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