Lua error in Module:GetData at line 234: Module:GetData/library returned boolean, table expected.

🤓 Admin Zone 🛠️ hidden to non-admins
view on research edit on research Add an excerpt Add a bilingual page Add full text subpage
Redirects needed	Create redirect for Property "CreateRedirectNow" (as page type) with input value "Lua error in Module:GetData at line 234: Module:GetData/library returned boolean, table expected." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process. Create redirect for Property "CreateRedirectNow" (as page type) with input value "Lua error in Module:GetData at line 234: Module:GetData/library returned boolean, table expected." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process. Create redirect for Property "CreateRedirectNow" (as page type) with input value "Lua error in Module:GetData at line 234: Module:GetData/library returned boolean, table expected." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Calming the Mind and Discerning the Real: Buddhist Meditation and the Middle View from the Lam rim chen mo of Tsoṅ-kha-pa

LibraryBooksBibliography

Please note that many items in our library are simply pages that represent a detailed library catalog entry and citation of someone else's work, presentation, or performance. Read our General Disclaimer for more information.

Play media related to this work:

[[]]

Descriptionངོ་སྤྲོད།

Table of contents

• Prefaceix
  • Introduction1
    • The Lineage, and Atiśa's "Light on the Path to Enlightenment"3
    • The Author of the Lam rim chen mo15
    • Calming and Discerning as Natures and Categories26
    • Asaṅga on the Ancillaries of Calming and the Supernormal Faculties31
    • Discursive Thought and the bSam-yas Debate44
    • Tsoṅ-kha-pa's Position on Discerning59
    • The Translation70
    • Tsoṅ-kha-pa's Sectional Titles74

• Calming The Mind and Discerning The Real81

• • Calming the Mind (Śamatha)97
    • Reliance on the Equipment for Calming98
    • After Recourse to that (Equipment), the Method of Cultivating Calming100
    • By Reason of the Cultivation] The Standard of Accomplishment of Calming147

• • Discerning the Real (Vipaśyanā)173
    • Reliance on the Equipment for Discerning177
      • Engaging the Principle to be Refuted188
      • Option of Pcisangika and Svatantrika as Refuting Agents283
      • Relying on This Agent, the Method of Generating the View in Consciousness336
  • Varieties of Discerning386
  • The Way to Cultivate Discerning390
  • Standard for Accomplishment of Discerning Through Cultivation414
• The Method of Pair-Yoking Calming and Discerning419
• Notes, Glossaries, and Bibliography433
  • Abbreviations Used in the Notes and Bibliography434
  • Notes435
  • Glossaries483
  • Bibliography493

• • Index499

Interconnections

Works related to this item

1 Partial translation of

File:Tsongkhapa (R. Beer).jpg

Tsong kha pa (ཙོང་ཁ་པ་). lam rim chen mo [ལམ་རིམ་ཆེན་མོ།]. [The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment].ལམ་རིམ་ཆེན་མོ།

Classical WorksAbout this item

Lam rim chen mo. In Tibetan, "Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path"; the abbreviated title for one of the best-known works on Buddhist thought and practice in Tibet, composed by the Tibetan luminary Tsong khapa Blo bzang Grags pa in 1402 at the central Tibetan monastery of Rwa sgreng. A lengthy treatise belonging to the lam rim, or stages of the path, genre of Tibetan Buddhist literature, the Lam rim chen mo takes its inspiration from numerous earlier writings, most notably the Bodhipathapradīpa ("Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment") by the eleventh-century Bengali master Atiśa Dīpaṃkaraśrījñāna. It is the most extensive treatment of three principal stages that Tsong kha pa composed. The others include (1) the Lam rim chung ba ("Short Treatise on the Stages of the Path"), also called the Lam rim 'bring ba ('"Intermediate Treatise on the States of the Path") and (2) the Lam rim bsdus don ("Concise Meaning of the Stages of the Path"), occasionally also referred to as the Lam rim chung ngu ("Brief Stages of the Path"). The latter text, which records Tsong kha pa's own realization of the path in verse form, is also referred to as the Lam rim nyams mgur ma ("Song of Experience of the Stages of the Path"). The Lam rim chen mo is a highly detailed and often technical treatise presenting a comprehensive and synthetic overview of the path to buddhahood. It draws, often at length, upon a wide range of scriptural sources including the Sūtra and śāstra literature of both the hīnayāna and Mahāyāna; Tsong kha pa treats tantric practice in a separate work. The text is organized under the rubric of the three levels of spiritual predilection, personified as "the three individuals" (skyes bu gsum): the beings of small capacity, who engage in religious practice in order to gain a favorable rebirth in their next lifetime; the beings of intermediate capacity, who seek liberation from rebirth for themselves as an arhat; and the beings of great capacity, who seek to liberate all beings in the universe from suffering and thus follow the bodhisattva path to buddhahood. Tsong kha pa's text does not lay out all the practices of these three types of persons but rather those practices essential to the bodhisattva path that are held in common by persons of small and intermediate capacity, such as the practice of refuge (śaraṇa) and contemplation of the uncertainty of the time of death. The text includes extended discussions of topics such as relying on a spiritual master, the development of bodhicitta, and the six perfections (pāramitā). The last section of the text, sometimes regarded as a separate work, deals at length with the nature of serenity (śamatha) and insight (vipaśyanā); Tsong kha pa's discussion of insight here represents one of his most important expositions of emptiness (śūnyatā). Primarily devoted to exoteric Mahāyāna doctrine, the text concludes with a brief reference to Vajrayāna and the practice of tantra, a subject discussed at length by Tsong kha pa in a separate work, the Sngags rim chen mo ("Stages of the Path of Mantra"). The Lam rim chen mo's full title is Skyes bu gsum gyi rnyams su blang ba'i rim pa thams cad tshang bar ston pa'i byang chub lam gyi rim pa. (Source: "Lam rim chen mo." In The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, 465-66. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)

1 Reviews

File:Kritzer Robert Academia.jpg

Kritzer, Robert. Review of Calming the Mind and Discerning the Real: Buddhist Meditation and the Middle View, by Alex Wayman. Philosophy East and West 31, no. 3 (1981): 380–82.

Articles1981About this item

In this review, Robert Kritzer evaluates Alex Wayman's 1978 translation of the śamatha and vipaśyanā sections of Tsongkhapa's Lam rim chen mo, describing it as an important contribution to Tibetan Buddhist studies despite some organizational flaws. While praising Wayman's meticulous scholarship and impeccable methodology—particularly his approach of contextualizing Tsongkhapa's work within its Sanskrit sources and demonstrating the continuity of Buddhist philosophy from India to Tibet—Kritzer notes that the introduction feels hastily assembled and requires careful reading to follow. The translation itself is extremely literal and sometimes awkward, with unconventional renderings of technical terms that may challenge readers unfamiliar with Indian Buddhist philosophy, though the inclusion of an English-Tibetan-Sanskrit glossary helps mitigate these difficulties. Kritzer particularly commends Wayman's analysis of Tsongkhapa's treatment of śamatha, including his provocative reinterpretation of the famous debate between Kamalaśīla and Hvasang as concerning the proper sequence of samādhi rather than sudden versus gradual enlightenment, and his examination of how Tsongkhapa reconciles Prāsaṅgika Madhyamaka dialectic with practical concerns about meditation and philosophical argumentation. Overall, Kritzer concludes that while the work demands considerable effort from readers, it is ultimately worthwhile and well-suited for serious scholars in the field.

[[Category:]][[Category:]][[Category:]]<ul><li>Property "CreateRedirectNow" (as page type) with input value "Lua error in Module:GetData at line 234: Module:GetData/library returned boolean, table expected." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.</li> <!--br--><li>"" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value -131.</li> <!--br--><li>Property "FrontCoverImg" (as page type) with input value "Lua error in Module:GetFrontCoverImg at line 70: Module:GetData/library returned boolean, table expected." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.</li> <!--br--><li>Property "People" (as page type) with input value "Lua error in Module:GetData at line 234: Module:GetData/library returned boolean, table expected." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.</li></ul>

Atīśa Dīpaṃkaraśrījñāna (slob dpon chen po dpal mar me mdzad ye shes). Bodhipathapradīpa [बोधिपथप्रदीप]. byang chub lam gyi sgron ma [བྱང་ཆུབ་ལམ་གྱི་སྒྲོན་མ།]. [A Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment]. Tengyur, RKTST 3288 http://www.rkts.org/cat.php?id=3288&typ=2.

Go to the page with the definition of 'Bodhipathapradīpa'

Sūtra - Sūtras mainly refer to the discourses delivered by the Buddha and his disciples, and the Sūtra corpus is one of the three main sets of teachings which form the Buddhist canon. Skt सूत्र  Tib མདོ།  Ch 佛经  

Go to the page with the definition of 'Sūtra'

Hīnayāna - The mainstream teachings and the early schools of Buddhism which primarily taught individual liberation through practice-focused renunciation and monasticism, considered lesser than the later movement of the Greater Vehicle (Mahāyāna), which professed enlightenment for all sentient beings and promoted compassion. Skt हीनयान  Tib ཐེག་དམན།  Ch 小乘  

Go to the page with the definition of 'hīnayāna'

Mahāyāna - Mahāyāna, or the Great Vehicle, refers to the system of Buddhist thought and practice which developed around the beginning of the Common Era, focusing on the pursuit of the state of full enlightenment of the Buddha through the realization of the wisdom of emptiness and the cultivation of compassion. Skt महायान  Tib ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ།  Ch 大乘  

Go to the page with the definition of 'Mahāyāna'

Arhat - A person who has reached nirvāṇa by eliminating the three poisons of attachment, hatred and ignorance having followed the path of seeking individual liberation as a Śrāvaka or a Pratyekabuddha. An arhat, thus, is a person who has overcome the cause of rebirth in the cycle of existence and will not take an ordinary birth again. Skt अर्हत्  Tib དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ།  Ch 阿羅漢  

Go to the page with the definition of 'arhat'

Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

Go to the page with the definition of 'bodhisattva'

Śaraṇagamana - The foundational act of entering the Buddhist path by formally seeking protection and guidance from the Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Saṅgha. Skt शरणगमन  Tib སྐྱབས་འགྲོ་  Ch 皈依  

Go to the page with the definition of 'refuge'

Bodhicitta - The altruistic thought to seek enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. It is said to have two aspects: compassion aimed at sentient beings and their problems and the wisdom of enlightenment as the solution. Skt बोधिचित्त  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས།  Ch 菩提心  

Go to the page with the definition of 'bodhicitta'

Pāramitā - The six or ten types of practices which lead an individual to Buddhahood. The practice of perfections is particularly important in Mahāyāna Buddhism in which the entire path of the Bodhisattva to reach full enlightenment is included in the six or ten perfections. The six perfections are that of giving, of discipline, patience, zeal, meditation, and wisdom. The perfection of skill-in-means, aspirations, power, and pristine wisdom are added to them to make ten perfections. Skt पारमिता  Tib ཕར་ཕྱིན།;ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ།  Ch 波羅蜜  

Go to the page with the definition of 'perfections'

Pāramitā - The six or ten types of practices which lead an individual to Buddhahood. The practice of perfections is particularly important in Mahāyāna Buddhism in which the entire path of the Bodhisattva to reach full enlightenment is included in the six or ten perfections. The six perfections are that of giving, of discipline, patience, zeal, meditation, and wisdom. The perfection of skill-in-means, aspirations, power, and pristine wisdom are added to them to make ten perfections. Skt पारमिता  Tib ཕར་ཕྱིན།;ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ།  Ch 波羅蜜  

Go to the page with the definition of 'perfections'

Pāramitā - The six or ten types of practices which lead an individual to Buddhahood. The practice of perfections is particularly important in Mahāyāna Buddhism in which the entire path of the Bodhisattva to reach full enlightenment is included in the six or ten perfections. The six perfections are that of giving, of discipline, patience, zeal, meditation, and wisdom. The perfection of skill-in-means, aspirations, power, and pristine wisdom are added to them to make ten perfections. Skt पारमिता  Tib ཕར་ཕྱིན།;ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ།  Ch 波羅蜜  

Go to the page with the definition of 'pāramitā'

Pāramitā - The six or ten types of practices which lead an individual to Buddhahood. The practice of perfections is particularly important in Mahāyāna Buddhism in which the entire path of the Bodhisattva to reach full enlightenment is included in the six or ten perfections. The six perfections are that of giving, of discipline, patience, zeal, meditation, and wisdom. The perfection of skill-in-means, aspirations, power, and pristine wisdom are added to them to make ten perfections. Skt पारमिता  Tib ཕར་ཕྱིན།;ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ།  Ch 波羅蜜  

Go to the page with the definition of 'pāramitā'

Śūnyatā - The state of being empty of an innate nature due to a lack of independently existing characteristics. Skt शून्यता  Tib སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་  Ch 空;空門  

Go to the page with the definition of 'emptiness'

Śūnyatā - The state of being empty of an innate nature due to a lack of independently existing characteristics. Skt शून्यता  Tib སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་  Ch 空;空門  

Go to the page with the definition of 'śūnyatā'

Vajrayāna - The esoteric Buddhist tradition which developed as a syncretic system involving deity worship, use of mantras, physical energy, and mystical practices. It is also known as the mantra tradition and the tantric school as a result of being based on texts known as tantras. Skt वज्रयान  Tib རྡོ་རྗེ་ཐེག་པ།  Ch 金剛乘  

Go to the page with the definition of 'Vajrayāna'

Tantra - Tantra, when juxtaposed with Sūtra, generally refers to the scriptures and texts which discuss esoteric topics. While the term is used to refer to texts on other topics, it is mostly used to refer to the genre of scriptures and texts on themes and topics associated with Vajrayāna Buddhism. Skt तन्त्र  Tib རྒྱུད།  Ch 密宗  

Go to the page with the definition of 'tantra'

Madhyamaka - Along with Yogācāra, it is one of the two major philosophical schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Founded by Nāgārjuna around the second century CE, it is rooted in the Prajñāpāramitā Sūtras, though its initial exposition was presented in Nāgārjuna's Mūlamadhyamakakārikā. Skt मध्यमक  Tib དབུ་མ་  Ch 中觀見  

Go to the page with the definition of 'Madhyamaka'