Asanga's Chapter on Ethics

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Asanga's Chapter on Ethics
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Description

Two works are translated here: one Indian, the other Tibetan. The former, or source work, is the Chapter on Ethics by Asanga (third to fourth centuries), an excerpt of some thirty leaves from his Bodhisattva Stage. The latter is the Basic Path to Awakening written by Tsong-kha-pa (A.D. 1 357-1419), a hundred-leaf commentary to the Chapter on Ethics. Tsong-kha-pa incorporates a number of related writings of Indian provenance, as well as the views of Tibetan scholars. All these present the system of ethics of the Mahāyāna, the school of Buddhism known as the Greater Vehicle. (Tatz, introduction, 1)
Citation
Tatz, Mark, trans. Asanga's Chapter on Ethics with the Commentary of Tsong-kha-pa, The Basic Path to Awakening, The Complete Bodhisattva. Studies in Asian Thought and Religion 4. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1986.
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Texts Translated
  1. Asaṅga. Bodhisattvabhūmi, (yogācārabhūmau-bodhisattvabhūmiḥ), (rnal 'byor spyod pa'i sa las byang chub sems dpa'i sa). (D 4037) sems tsam, wi 1b1-213a7, (Q 5538) sems tsam, zhi 1a1-247a8 (vol.110, p.131-231), (N 4306) sems tsam, zhi 1b1-240a4. Columbia AIBS
    1. Skt ed. Unrai Wogihara, Tokyo. n.p., 1930-36.
    2. Skt ed. Nailanaksha Dutt. Patna: Jayaswal, 1966.
  2. Tsong kha pa. byang chub sems dpa'i tshul khrims kyi rnam bshad byang chub gzhung lam. In gsung 'bum tsong kha pa, Vol. 1: 513-728. New Delhi: mongolian lama guru deva, 1978-1979. Buda by BDRC Logo.jpg


Translation of

 
Byang chub sems dpa'i tshul khrims kyi rnam bshad byang chub gzhung lam
Tsongkhapa's commentary on the moral-ethics (tshul khrims) chapter of Asaṅga's Bodhisattvabhūmi with reference to the major Indian treatises on the subject of the bodhisattva discipline.
Text

Partial translation of

 
The Bodhisattvabhūmi (literally "The Stage of a Bodhisattva") stands as one of the most comprehensive and systematic expositions of the Mahāyāna Buddhist path from classical India. Formally the fifteenth section of the massive Yogācārabhūmi corpus, this foundational treatise provides an encyclopedic manual detailing the entire spiritual trajectory of a bodhisattva—from the initial arising of the "mind of awakening" (bodhicitta) to the ultimate attainment of perfect buddhahood.

Traditionally attributed to Ārya Asaṅga (c. fourth–fifth century CE) through revelation from the future buddha Maitreya, the text likely represents a compilation of earlier materials (c. 230–300 CE) that predates the fully developed Yogācāra philosophical system. Its existence in multiple Chinese translations from the early fifth century onward confirms its early date and widespread influence across Asian Buddhism.

The work's meticulously structured curriculum unfolds across three main books: The Support (ādhāra), the foundational prerequisites for the path; The Qualities That Accord with the Support (ādhārānudharma), the progressive stages of development; and The Perfection of the Support (ādhāraniṣṭhā), the ultimate fruition of buddhahood. At its philosophical heart lies the Tattvārthapaṭala (Chapter on Reality), which articulates a nuanced doctrine of "rightly grasped emptiness" that avoids both nihilism and eternalism. The text's longest and most influential section, the Śīlapaṭala (Chapter on Morality), codifies the complete ethical discipline of bodhisattvas through the famous system of bodhisattva precepts that became standard in Tibetan Buddhism.
Text

  • Introduction 1
  • The Indian Context 2
  • Lay and Monastic in Early Buddhism 8
  • Bodhisattva Ethics 13
  • The Literature: India 26
  • The Literature: Tibet 31
    • Santaraksita and the Early Spread 31
    • Tsong-kha-pa and the Later Spread 35
  • Acknowledgement, Methodology, Desiderata 38
  • Notes 40
  • The Chapter on Ethics 47
  • The Basic Path to Awakening 91
    • Outline of Major Topics 92
    • The Basic Path to Awakening: An Explanation of How to Take the Bodhisattva Vow and Purify the Aggregate of Ethics 94
  • Notes 263
  • Appendices 313
    • A. Fragment of a Commentary to the Twenty Verses from Tun Huang, Author Unknown 313
    • B. Seminal Transgression from the Akasagarbha-sutra 316
    • C. Alcohol: How is it Reprehensible? 321
    • D. Permission to Murder, etc. 322
  • Bibliography and Abbreviations 329
  • Index 343