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Kensur Ngawang Lekden was a distinguished Tibetan Buddhist scholar and abbot who played a pivotal role in transmitting the Geluk tradition's philosophical teachings to the West during the early 1970s.
Born in 1900, Lekden began his life as a singer and player of a Dranyen before entering the Gomang College of Drepung Monastic University. He initially trained to develop the multitonal voice required to become a chant master but was encouraged to pursue the scholarly path instead, eventually earning the prestigious Geshe degree.
Lekden served as the former abbot of the prestigious Tantric College of Lower Lhasa, a position that placed him at the very top of the traditional Geluk hierarchy in Tibet, just a few rungs below the Dalai Lama himself. He spent the first 60 years of his life in traditional Tibet, escaping just before His Holiness the Dalai Lama following the Chinese occupation.
After leaving Tibet, Kensur Lekden lived in France until Geshe Wangyal invited him to the United States . In 1970, at age 70, he accepted an invitation from Prof. Richard Robinson and Jeffrey Hopkins to teach in the Buddhist Studies program at the University of Wisconsin, becoming one of the first high-ranking Tibetan lamas to teach Madhyamaka philosophy at an American university.
Kensur Lekden taught a seminar on Madhyamaka in the fall of 1970, which Jeffrey Hopkins translated. His teachings profoundly influenced the first generation of Western Tibetan Buddhist scholars, introducing them to rigorous philosophical texts and meditation practices that had previously been inaccessible to Western students.
His teachings were later compiled in the book ''Meditations of a Tibetan Tantric Abbot'', translated and edited by Jeffrey Hopkins and published by the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamsala. The work presents core practices of the Mahāyāna Buddhist path and reflects his deep knowledge of both sūtra and tantra.
Kensur Ngawang Lekden passed away in 1973, leaving a lasting legacy as a bridge between traditional Tibetan Buddhism and Western scholarship. His influence continues through his students, including scholar Anne Klein, and through the foundational role he played in establishing Tibetan Buddhist studies in American universities.
Lead Educational Technologist
Amod Lele helps faculty navigate a wide array of technologies for use in their classes and professional life. He leads and manages a team of educational technologists and has been a part of BU’s Educational Technology team for more than eight years. Amod is interested in the use and promotion of open educational resources (OER) in higher education. He holds a PhD from Harvard University in religious studies and has almost ten years of college and university teaching experience. He regularly teaches a course on Indian philosophy in the CAS philosophy department. As a lifelong learner, Amod also earned an M.S. degree in Computer Science from Metropolitan College in 2016. In his spare time, he publishes [https://blogs.dickinson.edu/buddhistethics/?s=amod+lele scholarly articles on Buddhist ethics] and [https://loveofallwisdom.com/ writes a biweekly updated blog] on cross-cultural philosophy. ([https://digital.bu.edu/edtech/what-we-do-edtech-2/our-team-edtech/ Source Accessed Nov 5, 2021])
Dissertation: ''Ethical Revaluation in the Thought of Śāntideva.'' Advisor: Prof. Parimal Patil. Available at http://loveofallwisdom.com/other-writings/ +
Jakob became a student of Buddhism in 1974. He traveled to India in 1975, where he became a student of Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, as well as Tulku Pema Wangyal. He met Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse in 1977 and became his student as well.
In the early 1980s Jakob did a three-year retreat in France, after which he worked for Association de Centre d’Etudes de Chanteloube. He has worked on translations from Tibetan, including Shabkar and Wondrous Dance of Illusion (supported by Tsadra Foundation), and has also served as oral interpreter for several lamas. In the 1990s he lived in Bir, translating both Madhyamaka and sadhana material for Siddhartha’s Intent. In the late 1990s he began leading study and practice programs for SI Western Door.
Working toward clear and inclusive presentations of Buddhism for modern lay people and non-Buddhists, Jakob wrote and edited many of the early summaries and blurbs presenting Rinpoche’s teachings and programs. In the 2000s he earned a BA in Tibetology at the University of Copenhagen, exploring the commonalities and differences between Buddhism and western humanities and sciences. Since 2008 he has lived in Australia, where he presently directs study and practice programs for SI Australia. He is also a member of the KF Ashoka Translation Grants Subcommittee. ([https://khyentsefoundation.org/project/jakob-leschly/ Source: Khyentse Foundation]) +
Nancy Jane Ramey (born June 29, 1940), later known by her married name Nancy Lethcoe, is an American former competition swimmer, 1956 Olympic medalist, and former world record-holder in two events. After the Olympics, Ramey earned her doctorate and became a college instructor, environmental activist and political candidate. She and her husband Jim Lethcoe founded Prince William Sound Books. She authored books about Prince William Sound: ''Valdez Gold Rush Trails of 1898-99'', ''History of Prince William Sound'', 'Cruising Guide to Prince William Sound'', and ''Habitats of Change''.
Ramey was born in Seattle and grew up on Mercer Island, Washington. At time of the 1956 Olympics, she was a student at Mercer Island High School.
As a 16-year-old, Ramey represented the United States at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia, where she won a silver medal in the 100 meter butterfly event. In 1958 she set two world records in the 100 m and one in the 200 m butterfly; the same year she won five American and one Canadian national title. In 1959 she won a silver medal in the 100 m butterfly at the Pan American Games.
Later Ramey graduated from the University of Washington and earned M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Wisconsin. In the 1970s she worked as an assistant professor of religious studies at Stanford University. After that she organized Alaskan wilderness safaris, together with her husband Jim Lethcoe. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Ramey Source Accessed July 24, 2023]) +
Ernst Leumann (11 April 1859 – 24 April 1931) was a Swiss jainologist, pioneer of the research of Jainism and Turkestan languages whose work is in consideration even today. His studies on linguistics in Zürich and Geneva and of Sanskrit in Leipzig and Berlin were followed by his doctorate in 1881 in Strasbourg. His dissertation was "Etymological Dictionary of the Sanskrit Language." ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Leumann Source Accessed Apr 23, 2022]) +
Stephen Levine (July 17, 1937 – January 17, 2016) was an American poet, author and teacher best known for his work on death and dying. He is one of a generation of pioneering teachers who, along with Jack Kornfield, Joseph Goldstein, and Sharon Salzberg, have made the teachings of Theravada Buddhism more widely available to students in the West. Like the writings of his colleague and close friend, Ram Dass (formerly Richard Alpert), Stephen's work is also flavoured by the devotional practices and teachings (also known as Bhakti Yoga) of the Hindu Guru Neem Karoli Baba. This aspect of his teaching may be considered one way in which his work differs from that of the more purely Buddhist oriented teachers named above. Allusions in his teachings to a creator, which he variously terms God, The Beloved, The One and 'Uugghh', further distinguish his work from that of other contemporary Buddhist writers. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Levine_(author) Source Accessed June 2, 2026]) +
Jules B. Levinson earned a doctoral degree in Buddhist Studies at the University of Virginia, where he studied under the guidance of Jeffrey Hopkins. He has served as an oral translator for Khenchen Trangu Rinpoché, Khen Rinpoché Tsültrim Gyatso, and others. At present he lives and works in Boulder, Colorado. +
Todd Lewis has taught at the College of the Holy Cross since 1990. In 1996, he was promoted to Associate Professor in the Religious Studies Department and in 2003 was promoted to the rank of Professor. In 2015, Lewis was named the Monsignor Edward G. Murray Professor in the Arts and Humanities.
He has also been a Research Associate in the Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies at Harvard University, and is currently involved in the Nepal Studies initiative there.
Beginning with his scholarly training at Columbia University (where he earned his Ph.D. in Religion 1984), Professor Lewis' research and teaching has been interdisciplinary, linking anthropology, the history of religions, and Indology. His area of special expertise is Newar Buddhism in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, and he has written extensively about Buddhist narratives, their depiction in popular art, and the role of merchants in Buddhist history. Professor Lewis is also one of the world's leading authorities on the religions of the mid-montane Himalayan region and the social history of Buddhism.
Most of his research focus for over thirty years has been Buddhism in the Kathmandu Valley, particularly the traditions found among the Newars, the indigenous population of Nepal 's capital. He has resided in the Asan Tol neighborhood in the city of Kathmandu for his dissertation research (1979-1982), and for three postdoctoral fellowships (1987-8, 2012), all supported by the Fulbright-Hayes program in the Department of Education. Professor Lewis has been awarded many other fellowships to support his research and writing: he has received awards from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the American Academy of Religion, the American Philosophical Society, the Social Science Research Council, and the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. In 2011, he was awarded a fellowship by the Simon Guggenheim Foundation. ([https://college.holycross.edu/faculty/tlewis/AcademicBio.htm Source Accessed Apr 23, 2021])
Venerable Geshe Lhakdor is the Director of the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamsala. Geshe La was born in western Tibet and came to India, completing advanced degrees at the University of Delhi and Punjab and continuing on to complete a full Geshe degree at Drepung Loseling Monastic University in south India. He has held many posts in support of the Dharma, as well as translating many texts, some from Tibetan to English, and some from English to Tibetan including:
*Shantideva's Compendium of Precepts (Shikshasamucchaya)
*The Three Essential Meanings (Nyingpo Donsum)
*Tsongkhapa's Three Principal Aspects of Path
*Words of Manjushri by the Fifth Dalai lama (into English)
*Versified Lamrim by Dvagpo Ngawang Drakpa (Into English)
*Universe in a Single Atom (into Tibetan)
**Co-translator, co-editor, co-producer (partial list)
***The Way to Freedom, by HH Dalai Lama, HarperCollins (USA)
***The Joy of Living and Dying in Peace by HH Dalai Lama, HarperCollins
***Awakening the Mind and Lightening the Heart by HH Dalai Lama, HarperCollins
***Stages of Meditation by HH Dalai Lama, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca NY, USA
***His Holiness's Commentary of Nagarjuna's Fundamental Wisdom (into Tibetan)
***Kindness, Clarity and Insight by HH Dalai Lama (into Tibetan)
***His Holiness's Commentary on Nagarjuna's Letter to the Friend (into Tibetan)
***His Holiness's Extensive Commentary on Thogme Zangpo's 37 Bodhisattava Practices. +
Lopon Lhakyab (Jonang) was born in 1988 in Dzamthang, Tibet. At age 7 he was ordained as monk and enrolled in Dzamthang Tsangwa Monastery. He studied Tibetan grammar and chanting rituals for a year, and for six years engaged in six branches of practice according to Kalachakra. In 2005 he fled into exile in India and joined Drepung Gomang Monastery to study Buddhist philosophy, including five major texts of Buddhism. He graduated as a Lopon (Master of Buddhist Philosophy) from Jonang Takten Phuntsok Choeling Monastic University. He also studied science for five years at Drepung Gomang Science Center. He was awarded a Buddhist Studies Research Programme Certificate by the Department of Religion & Culture, Central Tibetan Administration, for his research on Prajanaparamita from 2015-2019. He has also taught at the Kalachakra Meditation Institute. Currently, he is a member of “Middle Way Approach in Neuroscience” as a monk researcher at Russian Science Center Joint Project of Scientists and Buddhist Monasteries in Mundgod, Karnataka, India.
མཁན་པོ་ལྷ་སྐྱབས།
དགེ་རྒན་ལྷ་སྐྱབས་མཆོག་ནི་མདོ་སྨད་འཛམ་ཐང་ནས་སྐྱེས་པ་ཡིན་ལ། ཆུང་དུས་ནས་ཆོས་རྗེ་བླ་མ་ཡོན་ཏན་བཟང་པོ་མཆོག་གི་དྲུང་ནས་རབ་ཏུ་བྱུང་ནས་འཛམ་ཐང་ཇོ་ནང་དགོན་ཆེན་དུ་ཞུགས། དེར་ཁུ་བོ་སོགས་ཀྱི་དྲུང་ནས་ཡི་གེ་འབྲི་ཀློག་སོགས་རིག་གནས་ཆུང་བ་དག་ལ་བསླབས་པ་དང་། ལོ་ངོ་དྲུག་གི་རིང་དུས་འཁོར་སྦྱོར་དྲུག་ཉམས་ལེན་བྱས་རྗེས་མཚན་ཉིད་སྐོར་ལ་སློབ་སྦྱོང་བྱས། ཕྱི་ལོ་༢༠༠༥་ ལོར་ཕུ་བོ་སོགས་དང་མཉམ་དུ་ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡི་རི་རྒྱུད་ལྡོག་པས་གནན་ནས་རྒྱ་གར་འཕགས་ཡུལ་དུ་སླེབ་ནས་༧གོང་ས་ཐམས་ཆད་མཁྱེན་པ་མཆོག་གི་གསེར་ཞལ་དངོས་སུ་མཇལ་རྒྱུའི་བསྐལ་བཟང་ཤར་བ་མ་ཟད་ཇོ་ནང་རང་ལུགས་གསལ་བའི་གཞུང་ཆེན་སྐོར་ལ་སློབ་སྦྱོང་བྱེད་པའི་གོ་སྐབས་ཐོབ་པ་དང་། དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲས་དཀར་སྤུངས་བ་ནས་རྒན་ཐུབ་བསྟན་ཡར་འཕེལ་སོགས་ཀྱི་དྲུང་ནས་གཞུང་ཆེན་བཀའ་བོད་ལྔ་ལ་སློབ་སྦྱོང་བྱེད་པའི་གོ་སྐབས་ཐོབ་པ་མ་ཟད། ཇོ་ནང་དུས་འཁོར་གྲྭ་ཚང་དུ་དགེ་རྒན་ཆེན་མོའི་ལས་འགན་དང་། སྨོན་ལམ་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཁང་གི་རྩོམ་བསྡུ་ལས་མིའི་ཕྱག་ལས་གནང་ཡོད་ལ་དེ་མིན་ཨ་རི་དང་ཨུ་རུ་སུའི་ཚན་རིག་པ་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ཉམས་ཞིབ་ཀྱི་ལས་མི་དང་། རང་གཞུང་ཆོས་རིག་ལས་ཁུངས་ཀྱིས་འདེམས་པའི་གཞུང་ཆེན་རིགས་གཅིག་རྐང་འཛིན་གྱི་སློབ་མ་སོགས་སློབ་སྦྱོང་གི་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ལམ་བུར་ཞུགས་མུས་ཡིན། ([https://cybersangha.net/five-wisdoms-5/ Source Accessed Jan 9, 2026])
Lobsang P. Lhalungpa was born in Lhasa, Tibet. From 1940 until 1952, he was a monk-official in the service of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and of the Tibetan government. He established the first Tibetan-language program of All India Radio and dedicated his life to the promotion and preservation of Tibet’s rich spiritual and cultural tradition. Lhalungpa translated ''The Life of Milarepa'', and was chosen by His Holiness the Sixteenth Karmapa to translate ''Mahamudra: The Moonlight''. He authored ''Tibet: The Sacred Realm''. He lived in Santa Fe, New Mexico, for many years before his death in 2008. ([https://wisdomexperience.org/content-author/lobsang-p-lhalungpa/ Source Accessed Oct 14, 2025]) +
Loppon Chokyi Lhamo was born in 1992 in Khangshar, Manang and in 2002 became a nun under the guidance of Thrangu Tara Abbey. After completing her secondary education at SMD Boarding School, Chokyi Lhamo entered the Thrangu Thoisam Dargyeling Shedra for higher Buddhist studies. Graduating in 2017, she now serves as a teacher in the shedra. +
A direct student of Sakya Paṇḍita Kunga Gyaltsen (1182–1251), from whom he received detailed teachings on the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra''. He wrote a commentary on the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' as a synopsis of the teachings he had received from Sakya Paṇḍita. +
Shenghai Li is visiting associate professor in the Department of philosophy, National Taiwan University. He holds a Ph.D. in Languages and Cultures of Asia from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. His research interests include Indian Philosophy, Tibetan Buddhist Philosophy, Madhyamaka Philosophy, and Sanskrit and Tibetan languages. He has taught courses on Tibetan Buddhism and The Middle Way Philosophy of Candrakīrti. ([https://www.philo.ntu.edu.tw/?page_id=7361&lang=en Adapted from Source Apr 9, 2022]) +
Xuezhu Li is a research assistant at the Institute for Religious Research at the China Tibetology Research Center, Beijing. Li Xuezhu was born in Fuding, Fujian in 1966. He studied in Otani University, Kyoto, Japan in 1993. He has obtained master's and doctorate degrees in Buddhist studies at the Graduate School of Literature at the university. The main research directions are China's third theory of Zongji Tibetan doctrine and Indian Mahayana Buddhism meso-ideology, especially a deep study of the meso-doctrine of Yingcheng Zhongguan, a representative of the two middle schools of India's mid-level mesozoism. The doctoral dissertation "Research on the Thought of the Mean of the Moon" is mainly through the interpretation of the Tibetan translations of the representative work of the Moon, "Into the Middle", and the interpretation of Sanskrit documents such as the "Ming Sentence Theory" and "The Thinning of the Theory of Entering the Bodhidharma" to accurately grasp the month. On the basis of the so-called meso-idea, I conducted a comparative study with the three theories of Ji Zang, the master of meso-ideology in China, and made a more in-depth comparison in methodology and critical criticism. Yue said that the theorist is a famous Indian Buddhist scholar in the seventh century, which has a great influence on the later Indian Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism. He was praised by Master Tsongkhapa as the master who can correctly inherit the righteous views of the pioneer of the Mahayana Buddhism, and designated his The masterpiece "Into the Middle" is one of the five major theories of the Gelug monks.<br> After returning to China in April 2002, he worked at the Institute of Religion of the China Tibetology Research Center, engaged in the study of Sanskrit literature, and has participated in many international cooperative research projects such as the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Ryukyu University, Leipzig University, etc. since 2006. He collated and published Sanskrit texts such as "The Theory of Five Yuns" and "The Five Hundred Songs of Prajna Sutra", and has published more than 40 papers in academic journals at home and abroad. The Sanskrit Baye Scriptures currently being collated and studied include "Into the Middle School", "Abida Mill Lamp Theory", "Muni's Interesting and Solemn Theory", "Abida Mill Mill Collection" and so on. ([http://www.tibetology.ac.cn/person/detail/851 Source Accessed July 7, 2020])
Lin Li-Kouang 林藜光 (1902–1945) was born in 1902 in Xiamen (Amoy), Fujian Province. He graduated in 1926 from the Faculty of Philosophy at Xiamen University and perhaps began his interest in Buddhist Studies at a young age. From 1924 to 1926, he was initiated to Sanskrit by the eminent sinologist and Buddhologist Paul Demiéville (1894–1979) who was in Xiamen at that time. In 1929, he accepted the position as the assistant in the Harvard-Yenching Institute in Peking, at the suggestion of Alexander von Staël-Holstein (1877–1937), an orientalist and a German-Baltic sinologist, with whom he continued his Sanskrit studies and philological researches. At the same time, he started to compile ''Chinese-Sanskrit Index of Kāśyapaparivarta'' that comprised more than 10,000 entries. The index was never published. In 1933, the School of Oriental Languages offered him the position as a Chinese assistant to work alongside Paul Demiéville who was then a professor at the institute. This opportunity allowed him to come to France and study Sanskrit and Pali with the renowned Indologist Sylvain Lévi (1863–1935) at the Collège de France.
When Sylvain Levi was in Nepal in 1922, he had someone copy a voluminous collection of Buddhist stanzas, titled ''Dharma-samuccaya''.
According to Demiéville,
:“''The copy (…) swarmed with faults almost every line (…). A colophon in the manuscript indicated that the stanzas were taken from Saddharma-smṛty-upasthāna-sutra. Sylvain Levi had recognized that the original Sanskrit version of this great work of the Small Vehicle is lost, but a Tibetan version and two Chinese versions have been preserved; he had not, however, succeeded in finding the stanzas from Dharma-samuccaya. The compiler of the Dharma-samuccaya, an obscure monk named Avalokitasiṃha, had the crazy idea of grouping the stanzas of the Saddharma-smṛty-upasthāna-sutra (…) in his own way, and he had upset so well the order according to which the stanzas appeared in the original sutra (…) that Sylvain Levi himself could no longer locate them in their Tibetan or Chinese versions''.” (Demiéville, 1949, Introduction Saddharma-smṛty-upasthāna-sūtration to the Aide-Memoire of the True Law of Lin Li-Kouang)
Collating such a manuscript was an enormous task, and one of the most tedious. Sylvain Levi, already too old to undertake this project, entrusted it to Lin Li-kouang. Following the death of his teacher in 1935, Lin Li-Kouang started to copy the Tibetan translation of the sutra at the National Library of Paris before he applied the same process to the versions of the same text that appeared in the “Collection of Buddhist Scriptures in Chinese”. Both translations would then be compared with the Sanskrit manuscript. By dint of patience and obstinacy, he succeeded in identifying Sanskrit stanzas in the Chinese versions one after another until he was able to correct the Sanskrit text of ''Dharma-samuccaya''.
Under the mentorship of Louis Renou (1896–1966), then the director of the fourth section of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Lin Li-kouang finalized an important edition of the 2,549 ''Dharma-samuccaya'' stanzas, accompanied by annotations. The Sanskrit text was published with the revised and corrected Tibetan translation and Chinese translations, as well as a French translation that Lin Li-kouang did himself. On the basis of this collation of the Tibetan translation and the two Chinese adaptations, Lin Li-kouang arrived at some highly insightful observations.
After he completed the task, he immediately started to draft Introduction to the Compendium of the Law. The draft was originally conceived as a study on the evolution of the ''Dharma-samuccaya'' in the context of the history and the languages of Buddhism, but due to the numerous implications of the topic, it eventually turned into a complete study of ''Saddharma-smṛty-upasthāna-sutra''. As the text kept expanding, it constituted an enormous sum of researches that studies Therevada Buddhism at a certain point in time during its historical evolution. Under the heading ''The Aide-Memoire of the True Law'', this introductory text consists of five chapters and three hundred and fifty pages. The workload was so prodigious that it required of Lin Li-kouang ten years of his life, including six difficult years during the Second World War. He was incredibly diligent. He devoted his entire daytime to teaching Chinese lessons while carried on his research in the evening, often late into the night.
The suffering of the war years, the overwork and his anguish towards the sad fate of his distant county and his relatives, took a toll on his health. On April 29, 1945, at dawn, Lin Li-kouang died silently and in absolute solitude at the sanatorium of St-Hilaire-du-Touvet (Isère) at the age of 43. The following year, his remains were transferred to the Père-Lachaise Cemetery where he is now resting for eternity.
After his death, it was in France that his works were revised and published. Paul Demiéville, André Bareau (1921–1993), professor at EPHE and Jan Willem de Jong (1921–2000), professor at the National University of Australia in Canberra, revised the appendices. The Library of America and the East published all his works in four volumes, in 1946, 1949, 1969 and 1973 respectively.
It is through these monumental works that Lin Li-kouang has contributed to Buddhist Studies in France. Seventy-two years after the death of this Buddhologist who came to France from a faraway land, we have the honor of associating our annual lecture series with his name. Indeed, his career and his work bear witness to the long tradition of collaborations between the three co-founders of CEIB (Inalco, EPHE and Collège de France), as well as between European and Asian researchers. Most importantly, they perfectly illustrate the deep interests that academics hold for Buddhist Studies, driven by the mission of respecting, translating and reconstructing the plurality of civilizations. ([https://tianzhubuddhistnetwork.org/events/ceib-lin-li-kouang-distinguished-lecture-for-buddhist-studies/ Source Accessed Apr 7, 2022])
Professor Liberman received his Phd from the University of California, San Diego in 1981. He joined the University of Oregon in 1983. His specialties are ethnomethodology, intercultural communication, race relations, and social phenomenology.
Liberman has completed ethnomethodological studies of mundane interaction among traditional Australian Aboriginal people (''Understanding Interaction in Central Australia'', Routledge), the practices of reasoning of Tibetan scholar-monks (''Dialectical Practice in Tibetan Philosophical Culture'', Rowman & Littlefield), and the uses of objectivity in coffee tasting by professional coffee tasters in 14 countries (''Tasting Coffee'', SUNY Press). He provided a detailed ethnomethodological account and assessment of sophistry based on a video-recorded Tibetan debate in his ''Husserl’s Criticism of Reason'' (Lexington Books). His ''More Studies in Ethnomethodology'' (SUNY Press) won the Best Book Award from the EMCA Section of the American Sociological Association.
He is presently undertaking a long-term comparative study of negative dialectics in Tibetan Buddhist and postmodern epistemological practice. ([https://cas.uoregon.edu/directory/sociology/all/liberman Source Accessed Jan 17, 2025]) +
Kåre Albert Lie (born 9 September 1942 ) is a Norwegian historian of religion, non-fiction author and translator. He has translated, or contributed to the translation of, nearly 60 books, especially in the history of religion and culture. In addition, he has published a number of books on Buddhism and the oldest texts of Buddhism.
He has a master's degree in phil. with major in religious history, with indology (Sanskrit and Pali ) in the subject area. He has translated books from Pali, Sanskrit, English, German, French, Dutch, Danish and Swedish. Lie worked for several years in the school system before concentrating on his work as a writer and translator from 1996. ([https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A5re_A._Lie Source Accessed Mar 23, 2021]) +
Walter Liebenthal (12 June 1886 – 15 November 1982), was a German philosopher and sinologist who specialized in Chinese Buddhism. He translated many philosophical works from Pali, Sanskrit and specially from Chinese into German. Based upon his extensive research in Indian Buddhism and Chinese religion, one of his main conclusions was that early Chinese Buddhism through Ch'an (Zen-) was not a Chinese version of Indian Buddhism, but rather, that it developed from Taoism, a Chinese religion. Indian concepts are present, but at the core it represents a Chinese perspective. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Liebenthal Source Accessed March 31, 2020]) +
