Translation Memory:013-Tsadra-BCA-Com-Minyak-Ch9/378

013-Tsadra-BCA-Com-Minyak-Ch9/378 ID: 013-Tsadra-BCA-Com-Minyak-Ch9 <br> Date: 10 September 2025 <br> Creator: Gwen, Migmar, Dawa, Jeremi <br> Origin: Tsadra Foundation

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English	Furthermore, the cycle in the lower realms is due to the forces of actions that are unmeritorious and their afflictions. There is no effort needed for this; it proceeds naturally. The cycle in the realms of happiness is through the forces of merit, unwavering actions (mi g.yo ba’i las), and their afflictions; these are difficult because there is great effort necessary to accomplish their causes. A Vinaya text states that those who go to the lower realms from the higher and lower realms are as numerous as specks of dust on the great earth, whereas those who go to the higher realms from those two realms are like the dust collected on a fingernail.129See Foundations of Vinaya (Vinayavastu, H. 1, vol. 1), 122a–124b. The commentary on Reason in Sixty Verses says: “The essence of cyclic existence is the five appropriating aggregates.”130Candrakīrti, Commentary on “Reason in Sixty Verses,” 6a. The Commentary on Epistemology says: “The aggregates of cyclic existence are suffering . . .”131Dharmakīrti, Commentary on Epistemology, II.147 (D. 4210), 113a. These texts mainly teach the appropriating aggregates that take birth and cycle through the forces of karma and afflictions to be the truth of suffering; the actual cyclic existence was explained above.[p.89]The Profound Reality of Interdependence Duckworth, Douglas S., trans. The Profound Reality of Interdependence: An Overview of the Wisdom Chapter of the Way of the Bodhisattva. By Künzang Sönam. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.
RootTextChapterNum	9
RootTextVerseNum	13
SegmentFormat	Commentary
SourcePageNumber	81
SourceSabcheNumber	2.2.1.3.1.2.2.3.2
SourceSegmentOrder	378
Tibetan	དེའི་ཉོན་མོངས་ཀྱི་དབང་གིས་ངན་འགྲོར་འཁོར་ཞིང་དེའང་འབད་མི་དགོས་པར་རང་གི་ངང་གིས་འཇུག་པ་དང་། བསོད་ནམས་དང་མི་གཡོ་བའི་ལས་དང་། དེའི་ཉོན་མོངས་པའི་དབང་གིས་བདེ་འགྲོར་འཁོར་ལ། དེའི་རྒྱུ་རྣམས་འབད་རྩོལ་ཆེན་པོས་སྒྲུབ་དགོས་པའི་ཕྱིར་དཀའ་སྟེ། འདུལ་བ་ལུང་ལས། བདེ་འགྲོ་དང་ངན་འགྲོ་ནས་འཕོས་ཏེ་ངན་འགྲོར་འགྲོ་བ་ནི་ས་ཆེན་པོའི་རྡུལ་དང་། དེ་གཉིས་ནས་འཕོས་ཏེ་བདེ་འགྲོར་འགྲོ་བ་ནི་ཕྱག་སེན་གྱི་རྩེ་མོས་བཞེས་པའི་རྡུལ་དང་འདྲ་བར་གསུངས་པའི་ཕྱིར། རིགས་པ་དྲུག་ཅུ་པའི་འགྲེལ་པར། ཉེ་བར་ལེན་པའི་ཕུང་པོ་ལྔ་ནི་འཁོར་བ་རང་གི་ངོ་བོ། ཞེས་དང་། རྣམ་འགྲེལ་ལས། སྡུག་བསྔལ་འཁོར་བ་ཅན་ཕུང་པོ་། །ཞེས་པའི་ལུང་དག་གིས་ནི་ལས་ཉོན་གྱི་དབང་གིས་གང་ལ་འཁོར་ཞིང་སྐྱེ་བ་བླངས་པའི་ཉེར་ལེན་གྱི་ཕུང་པོ་དེ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བདེན་པ་ཡིན་པར་གཙོ་བོར་བསྟན་གྱི་འཁོར་བ་དངོས་ནི་སྔར་བཤད་པ་ལྟར་རོ། །
TranslationChapter	9
TranslationChapterSubsection	The Way of Classifying Sūtras as Provisional or Definitive
TranslationPageNumber	88
Wylie	de'i nyon mongs kyi dbang gis ngan 'gror 'khor zhing de'ang 'bad mi dgos par rang gi ngang gis 'jug pa dang /_bsod nams dang mi g.yo ba'i las dang /_de'i nyon mongs pa'i dbang gis bde 'gror 'khor la/_de'i rgyu rnams 'bad rtsol chen pos sgrub dgos pa'i phyir dka' ste/_'dul ba lung las/_bde 'gro dang ngan 'gro nas 'phos te ngan 'gror 'gro ba ni sa chen po'i rdul dang /_de gnyis nas 'phos te bde 'gror 'gro ba ni phyag sen gyi rtse mos bzhes pa'i rdul dang 'dra bar gsungs pa'i phyir/_rigs pa drug cu pa'i 'grel par/_nye bar len pa'i phung po lnga ni 'khor ba rang gi ngo bo/_zhes dang /_rnam 'grel las/_sdug bsngal 'khor ba can phung po/_/zhes pa'i lung dag gis ni las nyon gyi dbang gis gang la 'khor zhing skye ba blangs pa'i nyer len gyi phung po de sdug bsngal bden pa yin par gtso bor bstan gyi 'khor ba dngos ni sngar bshad pa ltar ro/_/
ChantedAudio

Alignment info

Parameter	Value
AuthorLabel	Kunzang Sönam 1823 - 1905
DuplicateRootTranslation	false
RootTextWikiPage	Bodhicaryāvatāra
ShortTitle	Duckworth 2019
SourceAuthor	People/Mi nyag kun bzang bsod nams
SourceCitation	Mi nyag kun bzang bsod nams, (Thub bstan chos kyi grags pa). Spyod 'jug shes rab le'u'i spyi don rim par phye ba zab mo rten 'byung gi de kho na nyid yang gsal sgron me.
SourceTitleTibetan	སྤྱོད་འཇུག་ཤེས་རབ་ལེའུའི་སྤྱི་དོན་རིམ་པར་ཕྱེ་བ་ཟབ་མོ་རྟེན་འབྱུང་གི་དེ་ཁོ་ན་ཉིད་ཡང་གསལ་སྒྲོན་མེ།
SourceTitleWylie	spyod 'jug shes rab le'u'i spyi don rim par phye ba zab mo rten 'byung gi de kho na nyid yang gsal sgron me
SourceVersionLabel	Minyak Kunzang Sönam (1823 - 1905)
SourceWikiPage	Texts/Spyod 'jug shes rab le'u'i spyi don rim par phye ba zab mo rten 'byung gi de kho na nyid yang gsal sgron me
TranslationCitation	Duckworth, Douglas S., trans. The Profound Reality of Interdependence: An Overview of the Wisdom Chapter of the Way of the Bodhisattva. By Künzang Sönam. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.
TranslationPublishedYear	2019
TranslationWikiPage	Books/The Profound Reality of Interdependence
Translator	People/Duckworth, D.
TransMemCreator	Gwen, Migmar, Dawa, Jeremi
TransMemDate	10 September 2025
TransMemID	013-Tsadra-BCA-Com-Minyak-Ch9
TransMemNum	013
TransMemOrigin	Tsadra Foundation
TransMemType	Commentary

Kleśa - Often referred to as poisons, these are a class of disturbing or disruptive emotional states that, when aroused, negatively affect or taint the mind. Skt क्लेश  Tib ཉོན་མོངས་  Ch 煩惱  

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Puṇya - The positive energy or potential created through performing good deeds, such as generosity or kindness. In Buddhism, accumulating this positive force is seen as essential for finding happiness in future lives, and crucial as a foundation for following the spiritual path. Skt पुण्य  Tib བསོད་ནམས་  Ch 福;功德  

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Vinaya - Vinaya refers to the corpus of Buddhist teachings on moral discipline and precepts and is one of the three canonical sets of teachings alongside Sūtra and Abhidharma. It also refers to the monastic tradition which has been passed down since the Buddha's time until our time. Skt विनय  Tib འདུལ་བ།  Ch 毘奈耶  

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Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

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Sūtra - Sūtras mainly refer to the discourses delivered by the Buddha and his disciples, and the Sūtra corpus is one of the three main sets of teachings which form the Buddhist canon. Skt सूत्र  Tib མདོ།  Ch 佛经  

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Kleśa - Often referred to as poisons, these are a class of disturbing or disruptive emotional states that, when aroused, negatively affect or taint the mind. Skt क्लेश  Tib ཉོན་མོངས་  Ch 煩惱  

Go to the page with the definition of 'nyon mongs'

Vinaya - Vinaya refers to the corpus of Buddhist teachings on moral discipline and precepts and is one of the three canonical sets of teachings alongside Sūtra and Abhidharma. It also refers to the monastic tradition which has been passed down since the Buddha's time until our time. Skt विनय  Tib འདུལ་བ།  Ch 毘奈耶  

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Gotra - Disposition, lineage, or class; an individual's gotra determines the type of enlightenment one is destined to attain. Skt गोत्र  Tib རིགས་  Ch 鍾姓,種性  

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Śāntideva (ཞི་བ་ལྷ་). Bodhicaryāvatāra [बोधिचर्यावतार]. byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa [བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་སྤྱོད་པ་ལ་འཇུག་པ།]. [The Way of the Bodhisattva]. Tengyur, RKTST 3216 http://www.rkts.org/cat.php?id=3216&typ=2.

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