The Bhikṣu-Prakīrṇaka of the Mahāsāṃghika-Lokottaravādins Quoted by Śāntideva in his Śikṣāsamuccaya
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Articles/The Bhikṣu-Prakīrṇaka of the Mahāsāṃghika-Lokottaravādins Quoted by Śāntideva in his Śikṣāsamuccaya
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The Bhikṣu-Prakīrṇaka of the Mahāsāṃghika-Lokottaravādins Quoted by Śāntideva in his Śikṣāsamuccaya
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Description
In this paper I would like to make some philological remarks on a fragmentary citation in the Śikṣāsamuccaya by Śāntideva (around 700 CE).[1] It is a matter of great significance for the history of ideas in Indian Buddhism, for the celebrated Madhyamaka master has cited it.[2] It is also of great importance from the viewpoints of Buddhist Sanskrit textual transmission. This is not just for the recovery of the missing literature but for linguistic peculiarities of the extant texts belonging to the Mahāsāṃghika-Lokottaravādins (cf. infra §1.0.0-1.0.2).
Citation
Yuyama, Akira. "The Bhikṣu-Prakīrṇaka of the Mahāsāṃghika-Lokottaravādins Quoted by Śāntideva in his Śikṣāsamuccaya." Annual Report of The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology (ARIRIAB) 6 (March 2003): 3–17.
Interconnections
2 Scholarship on
Śikṣāsamuccaya (T. Bslab pa kun las btus pa; C. Dasheng ji pusa xue lun; J. Daijōjū bosatsugakuron; K. Taesǔng chip posal hak non 大乘集菩薩學論). In Sanskrit, "Compendium of Training," a work by the eighth-century Indian Mahāyāna master Śāntideva. It consists of twenty-seven stanzas on the motivation and practice of the bodhisattva, including bodhicitta, the six perfections (pāramitā), the worship of buddhas and bodhisattvas, the benefits of renunciation, and the peace derived from the knowledge of emptiness (śūnyatā). The topic of each of the stanzas receives elaboration in the form of a prose commentary by the author as well as in illustrative passages, often quite extensive, drawn from a wide variety of Mahāyāna sūtras. Some ninety-seven texts are cited in all, many of which have been lost in their original Sanskrit, making the Śikṣāsamuccaya an especially important source for the textual history of Indian Buddhism. These citations also offer a window into which sūtras were known to a Mahāyāna author in eighth-century India. The digest of passages that Śāntideva provides was repeatedly drawn upon by Tibetan authors in their citations of sūtras. Although Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra and Śikṣāsamuccaya both deal with similar topics, the precise relation between the two texts is unclear. Several of the author's verses appear in both texts and some of the sūtra passages from the Śikṣāsamuccaya also appear in the Bodhicaryāvatāra. One passage in the Bodhicaryāvatāra also refers readers to the Śikṣāsamuccaya, but this line does not occur in the Dunhuang manuscript of the text and may be a later interpolation. (Source: "Śikṣāsamuccaya." In The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, 821. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)
The Bhikṣuprakīrṇaka ("Miscellany Concerning Monks") is a lost Mahāsāṃghika-Lokottaravādin Vinaya text, known directly only through a fragmentary Sanskrit citation preserved in Śāntideva's Śikṣāsamuccaya (Ch. 7, ed. Bendall 154.17–155.3). The cited passage recounts the Buddha instructing Ānanda to wash the soiled robes of a sick monk, illustrating the duty of monks to care for one another. Parallel accounts of the same episode survive independently in the Chinese Mahāsāṃghika-Vinaya (Taishō 1425) and the Pāli Mahāvagga (VIII.26.2), though neither is a direct witness to the Bhikṣuprakīrṇaka itself. A companion text for nuns, the Bhikṣuṇīprakīrṇaka, survives in abridged form (headings only) within a Sanskrit manuscript of the Bhikṣuṇī-Vinaya recovered from Tibet, edited by Gustav Roth (1970); no comparably abridged or complete witness of the Bhikṣuprakīrṇaka itself has been identified. Rāhula Sāṅkṛtyāyana reported deciphering a fuller manuscript of the Bhikṣuprakīrṇaka among materials he photographed in Tibet (c. 1954), but this has not been traced or published since.
