Sdom gsum rab dbye

སྡོམ་གསུམ་རབ་དབྱེ།

sdom gsum rab dbye

Distinguishing the Three Vows

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Descriptionངོ་སྤྲོད།

Written circa 1232 when the author was about fifty years old, it is an expansive treatise on the three vows pertaining to the three vehicles of Buddhism that is one of Sakya Paṇḍita's most important and influential works. Nevertheless, it was controversial in its time for the criticism the author levels against the philosophical positions of various scholars and schools of thought.

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Citation

Sa skya paN+Di ta (ས་སྐྱ་པཎྜི་ཏ་). sdom gsum rab dbye [སྡོམ་གསུམ་རབ་དབྱེ།]. [Distinguishing the Three Vows].

Recensions

Sdom gsum rab dbye. (Distinguishing the Three Vows). Recension information:

Tibetan

Sa skya paN+Di ta. སྡོམ་གསུམ་རབ་དབྱེ།, (Sdom gsum rab dbye). In Sdom pa gsum gyi rab tu dbye ba'i bstan bcos. No publication info. In Sdom gsum rab dbye dang lta ba 'khor 'das dbyer med sogs. No publication information. In Sa skya bka' 'bum, Vol. 12: 1-96. Dehra Dun: Sakya Center, 1992-1993. In Sa skya bka' 'bum ma phyi gsar rnyed phyogs bsgrigs, Vol. 3: 317-480. Lhasa, 1999. In Sdom gsum rab dbye dang sdom gsum gtan 'bebs 'jam dbyangs bla ma'i dgongs rgyan gyi rnam 'grel. Pe cin: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 2004. In Sa sky paN chen kun dga' rgyal mtshan gyi gsung 'bum, Vol. 2: 1-91. Pe cin: Krung go'i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang, 2007.

Citations of Related Scholarship

Rhoton, Jared Douglas, trans. A Clear Differentiation of the Three Codes: Essential Distinctions among the Individual Liberation, Great Vehicle, and Tantric Systems. Edited by Victoria R. M. Scott. SUNY Series in Buddhist Studies. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002.

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Full translations

 

A Clear Differentiation of the Three Codes

A Clear Differentiation of the Three Codes presents the first English translation of the sDom gsum rab dbye, one of the most famous and controversial doctrinal treatises of Tibetan Buddhism. Written by Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyaltshen (1182–1251), a founder of the Sakya school and one of Tibet’s most learned sages, The Three Codes strongly influenced subsequent religious and intellectual traditions in Tibet—and sparked a number of long-lasting doctrinal and philosophical disputes, some of which persist today. In The Three Codes, Sakya Pandita discusses the Hinayana, Mahayana, and Tantric vows of Buddhist conduct, which often diverge and contradict each other. He criticizes, on at least one point or another, later practitioners of almost every lineage, including the Kadampa, Kagyupa, and Nyingmapa, for contradicting the original teachings of their own traditions. (Source: SUNY Press)

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Commentaries

 

Sdom pa gsum gyi rab tu dbye ba'i kha skong gzhi lam 'bras gsum gsal bar byed pa'i legs bshad 'od kyi snang baསྡོམ་པ་གསུམ་གྱི་རབ་ཏུ་དབྱེ་བའི་ཁ་སྐོང་གཞི་ལམ་འབྲས་གསུམ་གསལ་བར་བྱེད་པའི་ལེགས་བཤད་འོད་ཀྱི་སྣང་བ།

Go rams pa bsod nams seng ge. sdom pa gsum gyi rab tu dbye ba'i kha skong gzhi lam 'bras gsum gsal bar byed pa'i legs bshad 'od kyi snang ba [སྡོམ་པ་གསུམ་གྱི་རབ་ཏུ་དབྱེ་བའི་ཁ་སྐོང་གཞི་ལམ་འབྲས་གསུམ་གསལ་བར་བྱེད་པའི་ལེགས་བཤད་འོད་ཀྱི་སྣང་བ།].

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Scholarship

 

One Aspect of the Acceptance of the Bodhisattva-śīla in Tibet

Fujita, Kōkan. "One Aspect of the Acceptance of the Bodhisattva-śīla in Tibet." (In Japanese.) Indogaku Bukkyōgaku Kenkyū (Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies) 36, no. 2 (1988): 108–15. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ibk1952/36/2/36_2_878/_pdf/-char/en.

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Related

 

Dbu ma lugs kyi sems bskyed kyi cho gaདབུ་མ་ལུགས་ཀྱི་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་ཀྱི་ཆོ་ག།

While his best-known work on the bodhicitta vow is A Clear Differentiation of the Three Codes (Sdom gsum rab dbye), which is still widely studied in the Sakya tradition, the SKCG is unique in its advocacy for a clear differentiation between two textual traditions of the ritual for taking the bodhicitta vow—namely, the Cittamātra tradition and the Madhyamaka tradition. This notion—and, in particular, Sakya Paṇḍita's presentation—has had a lasting impact up to the present day for members of the Sakya school as well as followers of other schools. Source: Bella Chao, "Sakya Paṇḍita’s Ritual for Generating the Mind According to the Madhyamaka Tradition (dbu ma lugs kyi sems bskyed kyi cho ga)." MA thesis (Centre for Buddhist Studies at Rangjung Yeshe Institute, Kathmandu University, 2023), 2.

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Texts/Sdom gsum rab dbye/Full text

Sakya - The Sakya tradition developed in the eleventh century in the Khön family of Tsang, which maintained an imperial-era lineage of Vajrakīla and which adopted a new teaching from India known as Lamdre. Tib ས་སྐྱ་  

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Gotra - Disposition, lineage, or class; an individual's gotra determines the type of enlightenment one is destined to attain. Skt गोत्र  Tib རིགས་  Ch 鍾姓,種性  

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Nyingma - The Nyingma, which is often described as the oldest tradition of Tibetan Buddhism, traces its origin to Padmasambhava, who is said to have visited Tibet in the eighth century. Tib རྙིང་མ་  

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Gzhi - The foundational basis of both saṃsāra and nirvāṇa. It is often used as a synonym for tathāgatagarbha and dharmadhātu. Tib གཞི་  

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Bodhisattva - A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses. Skt बोधिसत्त्व  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།  Ch 菩薩  

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Bodhicitta - The altruistic thought to seek enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. It is said to have two aspects: compassion aimed at sentient beings and their problems and the wisdom of enlightenment as the solution. Skt बोधिचित्त  Tib བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས།  Ch 菩提心  

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Cittamātra - Though it is sometimes used synonymously with Yogācāra, it is in fact one of the more prominent philosophical theories associated with this school. It asserts that the objects in the external world with which we interact are actually mentally created representations appearing as those objects. The character of these perceptions is predetermined by our own karmic conditioning that is stored in the ālayavijñāna. Skt चित्तमात्र  Tib སེམས་ཙམ་  

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Madhyamaka - Along with Yogācāra, it is one of the two major philosophical schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Founded by Nāgārjuna around the second century CE, it is rooted in the Prajñāpāramitā Sūtras, though its initial exposition was presented in Nāgārjuna's Mūlamadhyamakakārikā. Skt मध्यमक  Tib དབུ་མ་  Ch 中觀見  

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