On the Duplicated Chapter of the Mongolian Bodhicaryāvatāra
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On the Duplicated Chapter of the Mongolian Bodhicaryāvatāra
Journal Article
- A Comparative of Sanskrit, Tibetan and Mongolian on Prajñāpāramitā Chapter of Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra (2) (The Commemoration Number Published on the Occasion of the Seventieth Birthday of Professor Ryojun Fuyo)
- A Fragment of the Bodhicaryāvatāra from Olon Süme
- A Mongolian Printed Fragment of Bodhicaryavatara from Dunhuang
- Another Chinese Source for a Biography of Čhos-kyi 'Od-zer
- Characteristics of the Buddhist Mongolian Texts: The Lineage of the Bodhicaryāvatāra
- Nachlese zum Mongolischen Turfanfragment des Bodhicaryāvatāra
- On the Duplicated Chapter of the Mongolian Bodhicaryāvatāra
- Regional Characteristics of Mongolian Buddhism: A Study on the Basis of the Bodhicaryāvatāra
- The Bodistw-a Čari-a Awatar-un Tayilbur of 1312 by Čosgi Odsir
- The Mongolian Tanǰur Version of the Bodhicaryāvatāra
- The Mongolian Tanǰur Version of the Bodhicaryāvatāra-Review by Kara
- The Third Chapter of Chos-kyi 'od-zer's Translation of the Bodhicaryāvatāra: A Tentative Reconstruction
- The Transmission of the Bodhicaryāvatāra: The History, Diffusion, and Influence of a Mahāyāna Buddhist Text
- Zum Blockdruckfragmente des mongolischen Bodhicaryāvatāra der Berliner Turfansammlung
- Über den Quellenbezug eines mongolischen Tanjurtextes
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Description
The article discusses the translation history of the Bodhicaryavatara into Mongolian. Key points include:
1. Translation Lineage:
- The first Mongolian translation was made by Chos kyi hod zer in 1305 A.D.
- It was based on Tibetan and Kasmir Sanskrit texts
- Later revised by Gusi Bilig un Dalai in 1748 A.D.
2. Unique Characteristic:
- The Mongolian text contains an additional duplicated 10th chapter not present in Sanskrit, Tibetan, or Chinese versions
- This additional chapter was translated by a Buriat Mongolian linguist named Ratna
3. Translation Differences:
- Ratna's translation shows grammatical improvements compared to the original:
- Reduced subject inversions
- More precise transcription of Sanskrit vocabulary, especially consonant aspirates
4. Content of Duplicated Chapter:
- Contains similar content to the original 10th chapter
- Includes adorations to Bodhisattvas like Mañjuśrī, Samantabhadra, and Avalokiteśvara
- Covers themes like transformation and dhāraṇīs (sacred mantras)
5. Significance:
- Provides insight into the evolution of Mongolian Buddhist canonical translations from the 14th to 17th centuries
The article emphasizes that this duplicated chapter is not an enlargement but a re-translation of the existing text. (Summary generated by Claude AI Mar 26, 2025)
Citation
Kanaoka, Shuyu. "On the Duplicated Chapter of the Mongolian Bodhicaryāvatāra." Indogaku Bukkyōgaku Kenkyū (Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies) 14, no. 2 (1966): 114–21.
Interconnections
1 Scholarship on
An "Introduction to Bodhisattva Practice," the Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra is a poem about the path of a bodhisattva, in ten chapters, written by the Indian Buddhist Śāntideva (fl. c. 685–763). One of the masterpieces of world literature, it is a core text of Mahāyāna Buddhism and continues to be taught, studied, and commented upon in many languages and by many traditions around the world. The main subject of the text is bodhicitta, the altruistic aspiration for enlightenment, and the path and practices of the bodhisattva, the six perfections (pāramitās). The text forms the basis of many contemporary discussions of Buddhist ethics and philosophy.
