An Arapacana Syllabary in the Bhadrakalpika-Sūtra

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An Arapacana Syllabary in the Bhadrakalpika-Sūtra
Journal Article


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Description

The Arapacana syllabary is known from several important Mahāyāna sūtras, including the Lalitavistara, the Prajñāpāramita, and the Gaṇḍavyūha.[1] It does not seem to have been noted in the Bhadrakalpika-sūtra, a long Mahāyāna sūtra that is lost in Sanskrit, but preserved in Tibetan and Chinese translation. The first notice of this sūtra in Western scholarship was made by the great pioneer of Tibetan studies, Alexander Csoma de Kőrös, who gave an accurate summary of the contents in his "Analysis of the Mdo," published in Asiatic Researches in 1839.[2] The entire sūtra is now available in English translation.[3]

The high status that the Bhadrakalpika enjoys in Tibet is shown from the fact that in all available Kanjurs it opens the Sūtra Division (mDo sde),[4] a venerable practice that goes back to at least the early ninth-century IDan dkar Catalogue, in which the sutra opens the division of "miscellaneous Mahāyāna sūtras."[5] The Bhadrakalpika was also circulated independently, as a single volume, and enshrined on many household altars.[6] Tarthang Tulku notes that "reading, reciting, and listening to the Bhadrakalpika-sutra invokes the blessings of all the Buddhas whose coming it heralds; thus the Bhadrakalpika has always been counted among the most auspіcious texts...; [it] was often read and recited in my home, as it was in the homes of many Tibetan families upon important occasions."[7] (Skilling, preliminary remarks, 522)

Citation
Skilling, Peter. "An Arapacana Syllabary in the Bhadrakalpika-Sūtra." Journal of the American Oriental Society 116, no. 3 (1996): 522-23.
Interconnections
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Classical WorksAbout this item
Bhadrakalpikasūtra. (T. Bskal pa bzang po'i mdo/Mdo sde bskal bzang; C. Xianjie jing; J. Gengōgyō; K. Hyǒn'gǒp kyǒng 賢劫經). In Sanskrit, "Auspicious Eon Scripture"; a Mahāyāna text in twenty-four chapters, written c. 200-250 CE and translated into Chinese by Dharmarakṣa in either 291 or 300 CE. In this scripture, the Buddha teaches a special concentration (samādhi) through the mastery of which bodhisattvas come to be equipped with 2,100 perfections (pāramitā), 84,000 samādhis and 84,000 codes (dhāraṇī). He then lists the names of a thousand buddhas who will appear during the "auspicious eon" (bhadrakalpa) due to the merit they obtained from practicing this samādhi, as well as their residences, parents, disciples, spiritual powers, teachings, and so on. In the Tibetan bka' 'gyur the Bhadrakalpikasūtra takes pride of place as the first in the sūtra section (mdo sde); it is recited often, and it is not uncommon for the elaborate hagiographies (rnam thar) of important Tibetan religious figures or incarnations (sprul sku) to identify their subject as an earlier rebirth of one of the thousand buddhas. (Source: "Bhadrakalpikasūtra." In The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, 106. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)