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{{LibraryItem
|TileDescription=A study and translation of the ''Ugraparipṛcchā'', an influential Mahāyāna sutra on the bodhisattva path, but also one of the most neglected texts in Western treatments of Buddhism.
|FullRead=No
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|TableOfContents=*{{i|Preface|xi}}
*{{i|Abbreviations|xv}}

<center>'''Part One: Analysis'''</center>

*{{i|1. INTRODUCTION|3}}

*{{i|2. THE FORMATION OF THE INQUIRY OF UGRA|10}}
**{{i|The ''Ugra'' as a Literary Document|11}}
**{{i|Versions of the Sūtra|16}}
**{{i|The Name "Ugradatta"|21}}
**{{i|The Epithet Grhapati|22}}
**{{i|Ugra as Literary Character: Precedents in Earlier Texts|25}}
**{{i|The Title of the Sūtra|26}}
**{{i|The ''Ugra'' as a ''Ratnakūta'' Text|31}}
**{{i|The Evolution of the Text over Time|36}}
**{{i|Structure and Genre|38}}
**{{i|Date and Provenance|41}}

*{{i|3. THE ''UGRA'' AS A HISTORICAL SOURCE: METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS|48}}
**{{i|The Problem of Textual Stratification|49}}
**{{i|Types of Interpolations in the ''Ugra''|51}}
***{{i|Multiplication of epithets|53}}
***{{i|Completion of a standard list|53}}
***{{i|Recall of a passage from elsewhere|54}}
***{{i|Filling in the blanks|55}}
***{{i|Reiteration with additional examples|56}}
***{{i|Addition of genuinely new material|57}}
**{{i|The Possibility of Omissions and Abbreviations|59}}
**{{i|Moving Pieces: Alterations in the Sequence of the Text|61}}
**{{i|Extracting Historical Data from a Normative Source|63}}
***{{i|The principle of embarrassment|65}}
***{{i|The principle of irrelevance|66}}
***{{i|The principle of counterargument|67}}
***{{i|The principle of corroborating evidence|68}}
**{{i|''Ex Silentio'': The Interpretation of Absence|69}}
**{{i|A Distant Mirror: Studying Indian Buddhism through Chinese and Tibetan Texts|70}}

*{{i|4. THE INSTITUTIONAL SETTING|73}}
**{{i|Defining Categories: Household vs. Renunciant Life|74}}
**{{i|Lay Bodhisattvas|75}}
**{{i|Monastic Bodhisattvas|79}}
**{{i|Bodhisattvas and ''Śrāvakas'' in the Buddhist Sangha|84}}
**{{i|The ''Vihāra'' and the Wilderness|89}}
***{{i|Hirakawa's theory of the lay origins of the Mahāyāna|89}}
***{{i|Ray's theory of the forest origins of the Mahāyāna|93}}
**{{i|Gender Issues|96}}
**{{i|Conclusions: Bodhisattvas in Their Nikāya Contexts|100}}

*{{i|5. BODHISATTVA PRACTICES: GUIDELINES FOR THE PATH|103}}
**{{i|THE LAY BODHISATTVA|106}}
**{{i|Taking Refuge|106}}
**{{i|The Eleven Precepts|107}}
**{{i|The Practice of Giving|111}}
**{{i|The Transformation of Merit|114}}
**{{i|Detachment from People and Things|115}}
**{{i|The ''Triskandhaka'' Ritual|117}}
**{{i|The Necessity of Becoming a Monk|121}}
**{{i|THE MONASTIC BODHISATTVA|127}}
**{{i|The Four Noble Traditions|127}}
**{{i|Wilderness-Dwelling|130}}
**{{i|Avoiding Contact with Others|132}}
**{{i|Maintaining Humility|135}}

*{{i|6. THE STRUCTURE OF THE BODHISATTVA CAREER: IMPLICIT ASSUMPTIONS|137}}
**{{i|The Three Vehicles: Separate Paths to Separate Goals|138}}
**{{i|The Impossibility of Attaining Buddhahood in This Lifetime|142}}
**{{i|Motivations for the Bodhisattva Path|144}}
**{{i|Bodhisattva Vows|147}}
**{{i|Stages of the Path|151}}
**{{i|The Six ''Pāramitās''|153}}
**{{i|Tactical Skill|154}}
**{{i|The Buddha and the Practitioner|156}}
***{{i|Paying homage|162}}
***{{i|Making offerings|163}}
***{{i|Service|166}}
***{{i|Meditative remembrance|167}}
**{{i|Conclusions: Imitative vs. Relational Cultivation|168}}

*{{i|7. TELLING ABSENCES: WHAT IS NOT IN THE ''UGRA''|171}}
**{{i|The Term "Hīnayāna"|172}}
**{{i|Bodhisattva Universalism|174}}
**{{i|The Supermundane Buddha|176}}
**{{i|The Rhetoric of Emptiness|179}}
**{{i|The Cult of the Stūpa|182}}
**{{i|The Cult of the Book|184}}
**{{i|Devotion to Celestial Buddhas|187}}
**{{i|Devotion to Celestial Bodhisattvas|188}}
**{{i|Conclusions: The Significance of Absence|190}}

*{{i|8. THE MAHĀYĀNA IN THE MIRROR OF THE ''UGRA''|193}}

<center>'''Part Two: Translation'''</center>

*{{i|Translation Techniques and Conventions|201}}
**{{i|Which Text?|202}}
**{{i|Which Reading?|204}}
**{{i|Symbols and Conventions|205}}

*PRACTICES OF THE LAY BODHISATTVA
**{{i|0. Opening Salutation|207}}
**{{i|1. The Setting|207}}
**{{i|2. Ugra's Inquiry|210}}
**{{i|3. Going for Refuge|216}}
**{{i|4. The Refuges, Repeated|219}}
**{{i|5. Good Deeds|223}}
**{{i|6. The Bodhisattva's Perspective|226}}
**{{i|7. The Eleven Precepts|229}}
**{{i|8. The Bodhisattva in Society|233}}
**{{i|9. The Faults of the Household Life|237}}
**{{i|10. The Benefits of Giving|240}}
**{{i|11. Thoughts When Encountering Beggars|241}}
**{{i|12. Detachment from People and Things|246}}
**{{i|13. Cultivating Aversion for One's Wife|247}}
**{{i|14. Cultivating Detachment from One's Son|255}}
**{{i|15. How to Interact with Beggars|257}}
**{{i|16. The ''Triskandhaka'' Ritual|259}}
**{{i|17. When Monks Violate the Precepts|261}}
**{{i|18. When Visiting a Monastery|264}}
**{{i|19. Contrasts between Household and Renunciant Life|266}}
**{{i|20. When Visiting a Monastery, Cont’d.|272}}
**{{i|21. The Ordination of Ugra and His Friends (version 1)|278}}

*PRACTICES OF THE MONASTIC BODHISATTVA
**{{i|22. The Renunciant Bodhisattva's Practices|280}}
**{{i|23. The Four Noble Traditions|282}}
**{{i|24. The Noble Traditions and Other Ascetic Practices|284}}
**{{i|25. The Virtues of Wilderness-Dwelling|291}}
**{{i|26. Interacting with Other Monks and Teachers|307}}
**{{i|27. The Pure Morality of the Renunciant Bodhisattva|310}}
**{{i|28. The Pure Meditation of the Renunciant Bodhisattva|312}}
**{{i|29. The Pure Insight of the Renunciant Bodhisattva|313}}
**{{i|30. The Ordination of Ugra and His Friends (version 2)|314}}
**{{i|31. How the Householder Can Live as a Renunciant|314}}
**{{i|32. Dialogue with Ānanda|316}}
**{{i|33. The Title of the Text|318}}
**{{i|34. The Final Reaction of the Audience|320}}
**{{i|35. Title and Colophon|320}}

<center>'''Appendices'''</center>

*{{i|1. Synoptic Tables of Versions of the ''Ugraparipṛcchā''|325}}
**{{i|Part A: Tibetan Texts|326}}
**{{i|Part B: Chinese Texts and Citations in Other Sources|333}}
*{{i|2. Bodhisattva Names in the ''Ugraparipṛcchā''|341}}
*{{i|3. Monastic Specialties Recorded in the ''Ugraparipṛcchā''|347}}
*{{i|Bibliography|352}}
*{{i|Index|369}}
|CheckQuotes=No
|TermTopics=Textual study
|TextTopics=Ugraparipṛcchāsūtra
|Theme=Reference Texts
|SubTheme=Sutras (Tibetan); Sutras (Chinese); Translation of the BCA Source Texts (Tib-Eng); Translations of Sutras (Skt-Eng); Translations of Sutras (Chi-Eng)
|Approach=Academic
|Audience=Advanced
}}