Āryāṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāpañjikāsārottamā

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आर्याष्टसाहस्रिकाप्रज्ञापारमितापञ्जिकासारोत्तमा
Āryāṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāpañjikāsārottamā
འཕགས་པ་ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ་བརྒྱད་སྟོང་པའི་དཀའ་འགྲེལ་སྙིང་པོ་མཆོག
'phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa'i dka' 'grel snying po mchog
A Commentary on the Difficult Points of "The Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines," The Supreme Essence (84000)
Text


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Description

The Āryāṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāpañjikāsārottamā (Skt.; also known in its Sanskrit critical edition as Sāratamā; Tib. 'Phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa'i dka' 'grel snying po mchog) is a pañjikā-commentary on the Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāsūtra by Ācārya Ratnākaraśānti (late 10th–mid-11th century), the eastern-gate scholar (dvāra-paṇḍita) of Vikramaśīla Monastery, who bore the epithet kalikālasarvajña ("the Omniscient One of the Degenerate Age") and is counted among the eighty-four mahāsiddhas. Its Tibetan translation, credited to Subhūtiśānti and Śākya blo gros, is preserved in the Derge Tengyur (D 3803) and the Peking Tengyur (P 5200, vol. 92). A Sanskrit critical edition, titled Sāratamā, was published as Sāratamā: A Pañjikā on the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra by Ācārya Ratnākaraśānti, edited by Padmanabh S. Jaini, in the Tibetan Sanskrit Works Series (no. XVIII), by the Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute, Patna, in 1979.
Reference
Ratnākaraśānti (rgyal po'i slob dbon mkhas pa chen po rin chen 'byung gnas). āryāṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāpañjikāsārottamā [आर्याष्टसाहस्रिकाप्रज्ञापारमितापञ्जिकासारोत्तमा]. 'phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa'i dka' 'grel snying po mchog [འཕགས་པ་ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ་བརྒྱད་སྟོང་པའི་དཀའ་འགྲེལ་སྙིང་པོ་མཆོག]. [A Commentary on the Difficult Points of "The Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines," The Supreme Essence (84000)]. Tengyur, RKTST 3148 http://www.rkts.org/cat.php?id=3148&typ=2.
Interconnections
2 Recensions
Defining Wisdom Ratnakarasantis Saratama-front.jpg
Dissertations2015About this item
This thesis examines Ratnākaraśānti's (ca. 970-1045 C.E.) explication of

Prajñāpāramitā in his doxographical works and his Sāratamā. Based on extant Sanskrit and Tibetan primary sources, it argues that Ratnākaraśānti's main teacher was Dharmakīrtiśrī (late 10th C.E.) and that Ratnākaraśānti's Sāratamā sought to replace his teacher's Yogācāra-Mādhyamika framework with a causal explanation of Prajñāpāramitā through redefining the term Prajñāpāramitā as the path to awakening, rather than its goal. By unpacking that causal explanation in light of his broader system, the thesis demonstrates the way that Ratnākaraśānti's own version of Nirākāravādin-Yogācāra-Mādhyamika refutes cognitive images (ākāra) as unreal ultimately, but claims they are still perceived by buddhas out of compassion. This conclusion debunks the long-standing theory that Ratnākaraśānti was an Indian proponent of the controversial Tibetan gZhan-stong despite later gZhan-stong proponents' attempts to claim him as their own.

There are two parts to the study. The first part introduces Ratnākaraśānti's life, philosophy and doxography based upon evidence from a Tibetan colophon to his Mādhyamika commentary and the Tibetan hagiography of his student Adhīśa (a.k.a. Atiśa) and upon a comparative analysis of his doxographical works that are prerequisites for reading his Sāratamā. The second part consists of an annotated translation of the Sāratamā's introductory section, contrasted with the prior standard interpretation by Haribhadra's (9th century C.E.).

In the two appendices are included a Tibetan critical edition and a separate hybrid Sanskrit and Tibetan critical edition of the Sāratamā's first parivarta based on the extant 11th and 13th century incomplete MSS and on the Tibetan translations in the sDe dge, Peking and sNarthang editions. The hybrid edition also includes my

provisional critical edition of the root text—i.e. the first parivarta of the Āryāṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāsūtra—and my own translation of two small sample sections of the Sāratamā, which are extant only in Tibetan, back into Sanskrit.
Saratma-front.jpg
Books1979About this item
Sāratamā: A Pañjikā on the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra by Ācārya Ratnākaraśānti, edited by Padmanabh S. Jaini, is a Sanskrit critical edition of Ratnākaraśānti's pañjikā-commentary on the Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāsūtra, published as No. XVIII in the Tibetan Sanskrit Works Series by the Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute, Patna, in 1979, under the patronage of the Government of the State of Bihar, with Dr. J. S. Jha serving as General Editor. At the time of publication, Jaini (1923–2021) was Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, where he had cofounded the Group in Buddhist Studies after prior appointments at SOAS, University of London, and the University of Michigan. A leading scholar of both Buddhist and Jain studies, Jaini is especially known in Buddhist Studies for his work on Abhidharma and for producing critical editions of several previously unpublished Sanskrit and Pāli Buddhist texts, including the Abhidharmadīpa, the Sāratamā, and the Paññāsa-Jātaka (a collection of apocryphal jātakas, published in four volumes with translation).
1 Classical commentary of
Kumārajīva Khyentse Foundation.jpg
Classical WorksAbout this item
The Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines, like other sūtras on the Perfection of Wisdom, deals with the topic of emptiness and the understanding of the ultimate truth or the way things are. Modern scholars date the sūtra roughly to the 2nd and 1st century BC and consider it to be the earliest sūtra on which other Perfection of Wisdom sūtras are based. Its adherents claim the sūtra to be a part of the words of the Buddha. It is believed to have been taken to the subterranean world and brought back to the human world by Nāgārjuna. It is sometimes known as the Condensed Mother (ཡུམ་བསྡུས་པ་), the term Mother referring to the Perfection of Wisdom which gives rise to all buddhas and bodhisattvas. It is said to be the condensed version of the long version in one hundred thousand lines and the middle version in twenty-five thousand lines. Having spread across Asia and beyond and having been translated into many languages, it is one of the most common books to be found in the Buddhist Himalayas. The sūtra takes the form of a series of dialogues between the Buddha Śākyamuni, Subhūti, Śāriputra, and others, such as Indra, the king of gods, and a goddess of the Ganges. In the final chapters, the sūtra contains the inspirational narratives of Sadāprarudita and his quest for the teachings on the Perfection of Wisdom from the Bodhisattva Dharmodgata. The sūtra is also one of the earliest Mahāyāna sources proclaiming the luminous nature of the mind.
1 Partial translations
Defining Wisdom Ratnakarasantis Saratama-front.jpg
Dissertations2015About this item
This thesis examines Ratnākaraśānti's (ca. 970-1045 C.E.) explication of

Prajñāpāramitā in his doxographical works and his Sāratamā. Based on extant Sanskrit and Tibetan primary sources, it argues that Ratnākaraśānti's main teacher was Dharmakīrtiśrī (late 10th C.E.) and that Ratnākaraśānti's Sāratamā sought to replace his teacher's Yogācāra-Mādhyamika framework with a causal explanation of Prajñāpāramitā through redefining the term Prajñāpāramitā as the path to awakening, rather than its goal. By unpacking that causal explanation in light of his broader system, the thesis demonstrates the way that Ratnākaraśānti's own version of Nirākāravādin-Yogācāra-Mādhyamika refutes cognitive images (ākāra) as unreal ultimately, but claims they are still perceived by buddhas out of compassion. This conclusion debunks the long-standing theory that Ratnākaraśānti was an Indian proponent of the controversial Tibetan gZhan-stong despite later gZhan-stong proponents' attempts to claim him as their own.

There are two parts to the study. The first part introduces Ratnākaraśānti's life, philosophy and doxography based upon evidence from a Tibetan colophon to his Mādhyamika commentary and the Tibetan hagiography of his student Adhīśa (a.k.a. Atiśa) and upon a comparative analysis of his doxographical works that are prerequisites for reading his Sāratamā. The second part consists of an annotated translation of the Sāratamā's introductory section, contrasted with the prior standard interpretation by Haribhadra's (9th century C.E.).

In the two appendices are included a Tibetan critical edition and a separate hybrid Sanskrit and Tibetan critical edition of the Sāratamā's first parivarta based on the extant 11th and 13th century incomplete MSS and on the Tibetan translations in the sDe dge, Peking and sNarthang editions. The hybrid edition also includes my

provisional critical edition of the root text—i.e. the first parivarta of the Āryāṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāsūtra—and my own translation of two small sample sections of the Sāratamā, which are extant only in Tibetan, back into Sanskrit.
1 Scholarship
Defining Wisdom Ratnakarasantis Saratama-front.jpg
Dissertations2015About this item
This thesis examines Ratnākaraśānti's (ca. 970-1045 C.E.) explication of

Prajñāpāramitā in his doxographical works and his Sāratamā. Based on extant Sanskrit and Tibetan primary sources, it argues that Ratnākaraśānti's main teacher was Dharmakīrtiśrī (late 10th C.E.) and that Ratnākaraśānti's Sāratamā sought to replace his teacher's Yogācāra-Mādhyamika framework with a causal explanation of Prajñāpāramitā through redefining the term Prajñāpāramitā as the path to awakening, rather than its goal. By unpacking that causal explanation in light of his broader system, the thesis demonstrates the way that Ratnākaraśānti's own version of Nirākāravādin-Yogācāra-Mādhyamika refutes cognitive images (ākāra) as unreal ultimately, but claims they are still perceived by buddhas out of compassion. This conclusion debunks the long-standing theory that Ratnākaraśānti was an Indian proponent of the controversial Tibetan gZhan-stong despite later gZhan-stong proponents' attempts to claim him as their own.

There are two parts to the study. The first part introduces Ratnākaraśānti's life, philosophy and doxography based upon evidence from a Tibetan colophon to his Mādhyamika commentary and the Tibetan hagiography of his student Adhīśa (a.k.a. Atiśa) and upon a comparative analysis of his doxographical works that are prerequisites for reading his Sāratamā. The second part consists of an annotated translation of the Sāratamā's introductory section, contrasted with the prior standard interpretation by Haribhadra's (9th century C.E.).

In the two appendices are included a Tibetan critical edition and a separate hybrid Sanskrit and Tibetan critical edition of the Sāratamā's first parivarta based on the extant 11th and 13th century incomplete MSS and on the Tibetan translations in the sDe dge, Peking and sNarthang editions. The hybrid edition also includes my

provisional critical edition of the root text—i.e. the first parivarta of the Āryāṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāsūtra—and my own translation of two small sample sections of the Sāratamā, which are extant only in Tibetan, back into Sanskrit.
2 A topic of
Defining Wisdom Ratnakarasantis Saratama-front.jpg
Dissertations2015About this item
This thesis examines Ratnākaraśānti's (ca. 970-1045 C.E.) explication of

Prajñāpāramitā in his doxographical works and his Sāratamā. Based on extant Sanskrit and Tibetan primary sources, it argues that Ratnākaraśānti's main teacher was Dharmakīrtiśrī (late 10th C.E.) and that Ratnākaraśānti's Sāratamā sought to replace his teacher's Yogācāra-Mādhyamika framework with a causal explanation of Prajñāpāramitā through redefining the term Prajñāpāramitā as the path to awakening, rather than its goal. By unpacking that causal explanation in light of his broader system, the thesis demonstrates the way that Ratnākaraśānti's own version of Nirākāravādin-Yogācāra-Mādhyamika refutes cognitive images (ākāra) as unreal ultimately, but claims they are still perceived by buddhas out of compassion. This conclusion debunks the long-standing theory that Ratnākaraśānti was an Indian proponent of the controversial Tibetan gZhan-stong despite later gZhan-stong proponents' attempts to claim him as their own.

There are two parts to the study. The first part introduces Ratnākaraśānti's life, philosophy and doxography based upon evidence from a Tibetan colophon to his Mādhyamika commentary and the Tibetan hagiography of his student Adhīśa (a.k.a. Atiśa) and upon a comparative analysis of his doxographical works that are prerequisites for reading his Sāratamā. The second part consists of an annotated translation of the Sāratamā's introductory section, contrasted with the prior standard interpretation by Haribhadra's (9th century C.E.).

In the two appendices are included a Tibetan critical edition and a separate hybrid Sanskrit and Tibetan critical edition of the Sāratamā's first parivarta based on the extant 11th and 13th century incomplete MSS and on the Tibetan translations in the sDe dge, Peking and sNarthang editions. The hybrid edition also includes my

provisional critical edition of the root text—i.e. the first parivarta of the Āryāṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāsūtra—and my own translation of two small sample sections of the Sāratamā, which are extant only in Tibetan, back into Sanskrit.
Saratma-front.jpg
Books1979About this item
Sāratamā: A Pañjikā on the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra by Ācārya Ratnākaraśānti, edited by Padmanabh S. Jaini, is a Sanskrit critical edition of Ratnākaraśānti's pañjikā-commentary on the Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāsūtra, published as No. XVIII in the Tibetan Sanskrit Works Series by the Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute, Patna, in 1979, under the patronage of the Government of the State of Bihar, with Dr. J. S. Jha serving as General Editor. At the time of publication, Jaini (1923–2021) was Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, where he had cofounded the Group in Buddhist Studies after prior appointments at SOAS, University of London, and the University of Michigan. A leading scholar of both Buddhist and Jain studies, Jaini is especially known in Buddhist Studies for his work on Abhidharma and for producing critical editions of several previously unpublished Sanskrit and Pāli Buddhist texts, including the Abhidharmadīpa, the Sāratamā, and the Paññāsa-Jātaka (a collection of apocryphal jātakas, published in four volumes with translation).