Bodhicitta - User contributions [en]

Bodhicaryāvatāra

2025-11-09T01:13:02Z

GregF:

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|dashboardText=On this page you will find everything about Śāntideva's famous text, the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' (''The Way of the Bodhisattva''). The information below explores the text's various titles and versions, its complex authorship and historical context, its profound influence on Indian and Tibetan Buddhist traditions, its central role in systematizing the cultivation of bodhicitta, and essential resources for further study and practice.

From here you can read the text in [[Texts/Bodhicaryāvatāra/Chapter_1|English]], [[Texts/Bodhicaryāvatāra/Verses|Tibetan]], [[Books/Bodhicaryâvatâra:_La_marche_vers_l'éveil_(2007)/Bilingual|French]], Spanish, or Sanskrit. You can compare commentaries from different traditions on each verse or you can listen to the verses chanted or watch videos of Buddhist teachers or scholars talking about the text and its meaning.

This comprehensive resource serves scholars, practitioners, and curious readers alike, offering both academic depth and practical guidance for engaging with one of Buddhism's most cherished texts. The page brings together centuries of commentary, translation, and scholarly research to provide a comprehensive digital resource for studying and practicing the Bodhicaryāvatāra.

|introduction=Śāntideva's ''Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra'' (''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' for short) is a masterwork of world literature and an example of wisdom and compassion in action, lighting the way to Buddhahood for the sake of all beings. Written down in ancient India in the Sanskrit language, it became popular in Tibetan translation and made its way into modern languages in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It remains one of the favorite books of many leading Buddhist students, teachers, and writers today.
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<div class="clipped-1-line">Bodhicaryāvatāra Verses</div>
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|main-text=<h2 class="mt-0 pt-0" id="About the Text">Part 1: About the Text</h2>

<h3 class="red-header">Śāntideva's Works in India and Beyond</h3>

This section provides a comprehensive examination of Śāntideva's ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'', one of the most influential texts in Mahāyāna Buddhism. The materials below cover the historical development, textual transmission, and global reception of this eighth-century guide to bodhisattva practice. They explore the text's structural organization around the cultivation of bodhicitta (the awakening mind) and the six perfections, analyze manuscript traditions and variant editions found across different cultures, and trace the work's journey from ancient Indian monasteries through Tibetan, Chinese, and Mongolian Buddhist communities to modern academic and religious contexts worldwide. The collection examines both the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' itself, discussing its themes of ethical training and spiritual transformation, while also addressing scholarly debates about textual authenticity, translation challenges, and the contemporary relevance of Śāntideva's teachings on compassion and wisdom in both academic and popular Buddhist circles.

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<h3 class="pt-0 mt-0">In-Depth Chapter Overviews</h3>
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<div class="text-article mb-4">This comprehensive resource provides a detailed, chapter-by-chapter analysis of Śāntideva's ''Way of the Bodhisattva'' (''Bodhicaryāvatāra''), one of the most influential texts in Mahāyāna Buddhist literature. Each chapter features a scholarly essay that examines Śāntideva's teachings through the lens of key Buddhist concepts, supported by extensive academic resources, relevant links, and multimedia content. The material is organized according to the traditional Tibetan framework of generating, protecting, and perfecting bodhicitta, offering students a structured approach to understanding this foundational work on the bodhisattva path. Supplementing the presentation of verses from the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' are excerpts from numerous commentaries on the text by scholars from multiple traditions, including those by Patrul Rinpoche, Khenpo Kunga Wangchuk, Sonam Tsemo, Gyalse Tokme Zangpo, Khenpo Kunzang Palden, Gyaltsap Je, and many more. Written in a practical and down-to-earth style, these essays are designed to present the heart of Śāntideva's teachings to a broad audience. Each chapter also includes numerous hyperlinked notes to allow one to continue their discovery of other primary and secondary sources associated with this fascinating text.</div>
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|text=The ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' ends with a concluding prayer, in which Śāntideva makes a dedication for the benefit of others, for the benefit of oneself, and for the flourishing of the teachings.
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|text=A new, interactive way to navigate the text via its outline and related themes and chapters. This visual map allows you to explore the interconnected structure of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' and discover how different concepts and practices relate to one another throughout the work. The interactive format makes it easy to jump between related topics and gain a comprehensive overview of Śāntideva's systematic approach to the bodhisattva path.
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<h2 id="About the Author">Part 2: About the Author</h2>

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|text=Explore Śāntideva's life stories and his historical context. What do we know about the life of Śāntideva? What kind of world did he live in? How did his works become so influential? And why do his works continue to inspire generations of practitioners and scholars? This section provides a brief overview of Śāntideva's cultural milieu and the influence his writings have had in India and beyond.

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<h2 id="Text_Significance_and_Reception">Part 3: Text Significance and Reception</h2>

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|text=Travel through the centuries in this visual timeline of the commentaries of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra''. Beginning with the first major Indian commentary by Prajñākaramati, the ''Bodhicaryāvatārapañjikā'', to over a dozen commentaries written in the twentieth century, including a compilation of teachings by the Fourteenth Dalai Lama, this collection is a testament to the profound impact and significance of Śāntideva's text.

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|text=Śāntideva's ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' gave rise to a vibrant commentarial tradition in India and Tibet. In this section, we will learn more about 10 centuries of teachings drawn from this text. This section is still being developed. We will keep you posted as we add new materials, articles, and resources.

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|text=This short overview gives an account of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' 's history from its origins in India to its transmission in Nepal. It discusses the text's authorship, traditionally attributed to Śāntideva in 7th century India, and explores various commentaries and abbreviated versions produced by Indian scholars.
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|text=This essay offers a comprehensive overview of the Indian commentaries on the Bodhicaryāvatāra (BCA). It details thirteen commentaries composed by Indian authors, highlighting how the BCA was used both as a Mahāyāna practice manual and a debate manual.
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|text=This essay explores the transmission and influence of Śāntideva's ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' in China and Mongolia. He examines the Chinese translation of the text during the Sòng dynasty, and highlights the related political context and translation processes.
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|text=This article provides a concise overview of the commentarial tradition surrounding Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra in Tibet. It traces the text's introduction to Tibet in the 8th century, highlighting its rapid translation and subsequent revisions. The study also outlines the development of Tibetan commentaries on the text.
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<h2 id="Study the Text">Part 4: Study the Text</h2>

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|text=Learn more about the debates regarding the meaning of the ninth chapter of Śāntideva's ''Bodhicaryāvatāra''!<br/>

The ninth chapter presents the Perfection of Wisdom (''prajñāpāramitā'') through a rigorous philosophical analysis of emptiness (''śūnyatā''), establishing the ultimate nature of reality within the bodhisattva path. The interpretation of this profound text became the object of nineteenth-century Tibetan philosophical debates. The controversy began when Mipham Rinpoche of the Nyingma tradition authored his ''Norbu Ketaka'' commentary, proposing a synthetic interpretation that harmonized Prāsaṅgika and Yogācāra Madhyamaka approaches. This drew strong criticism from Geluk scholars like Drakar Tulku, who defended Tsongkhapa's stricter Prāsaṅgika position, while Pari Rabsel offered nuanced critiques of both interpretations. These exchanges centered on fundamental hermeneutical questions regarding the proper understanding of conventional and ultimate truth, the role of consciousness in perceiving emptiness, and correct Madhyamaka reasoning methods. The debates reflect broader tensions between Tibetan Buddhist schools regarding philosophical methodology and interpretative approaches while illuminating crucial issues in Buddhist soteriology about how philosophical understanding relates to direct meditative realization.

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|header=The Way of the Bodhisattva Illuminated: Narrative Commentaries and Recitation Guide
|text=This collection presents Buddhist narratives illustrating key verses of Śāntideva's ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' (''The Way of the Bodhisattva''). These instructive tales feature kings, merchants, animals, and divine beings to illuminate the bodhisattva path and to explain the transformative power of bodhicitta, the superiority of spiritual wealth over material possessions, and how bodhisattvas transform adversity into opportunity for spiritual development. This section offers three complementary resources for deepening your engagement with Śāntideva's teachings: narrative tales that bring the verses to life, detailed commentary that explains their meaning, and guidance for incorporating the text into recitation practice.

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{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Tales of Engaging the Way of the Bodhisattva - Chapter Four|text=Chapter 4}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Tales of Engaging the Way of the Bodhisattva - Chapter Five|text=Chapter 5}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Tales of Engaging the Way of the Bodhisattva - Chapter Six|text=Chapter 6}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Tales of Engaging the Way of the Bodhisattva - Chapter Seven|text=Chapter 7}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Tales of Engaging the Way of the Bodhisattva - Chapter Eight|text=Chapter 8}}
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{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Narrative Commentary - Chapter Four|text=Chapter 4}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Narrative Commentary - Chapter Five|text=Chapter 5}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Narrative Commentary - Chapter Six|text=Chapter 6}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Narrative Commentary - Chapter Seven|text=Chapter 7}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Narrative Commentary - Chapter Eight|text=Chapter 8}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Narrative Commentary - Chapter Nine|text=Chapter 9}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Narrative Commentary - Chapter Ten|text=Chapter 10}}
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<h2 id="Practice the Text">Part 5: Practice the Text</h2>

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<h3 class="red-header">The Practice (སྒོམ་ལུགས་) Traditions</h3>

The Gomluk Traditions (སྒོམ་ལུགས་, ''sgom lugs''), or Practice Tradtions (meditation traditions) was a significant contemplative tradition in Tibetan Buddhism that developed a unique approach to studying and practicing the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'', Śāntideva's classic eighth-century text on the bodhisattva path.

The Gomluk approach emphasized the meditative implementation of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' rather than purely scholastic analysis. Its practitioners were known for integrating the text's teachings—particularly on ''bodhicitta'' (awakened mind), ''śamatha'' (calm abiding), and ''vipaśyanā'' (insight meditation)—directly into their contemplative practice.

This tradition was especially prominent in the 11th-13th centuries during the later spread of Buddhism in Tibet, with notable practitioners in the Kadam and early Kagyu lineages. The Gomluk teachers developed distinctive meditation manuals and techniques for embodying the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra''<i>'</i>s core ethical and philosophical principles, especially those found in the patience, meditation, and wisdom chapters.

What distinguished the Gomluk approach was its experiential focus—treating the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' not merely as a philosophical text to be analyzed, but as a practical guidebook for transformation through meditation and daily application.

This section traces the development of this tradition and the lives and works of the prominent teachers who upheld it.

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{{PersonBadge|Suvarṇadvīpa Dharmakīrti
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}}{{PersonBadge|Khu nu bla ma bstan 'dzin rgyal mtshan
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{{VerticalSpacer|4}}

{{PanelLargerText
|bg-image=File:Patrul Rinpoche (Shechen mural).jpg
|classes=mx-0 rounded-lg tsdwiki-depth-1
|bg-position=47% 69%;
|header=<h3 class="m-0 p-0 border-0">Living Traditions of Practice <br> <small><em>Patrul Rinpoche</em></small></h3>
|offset=col-md-4 p-0
|text=Patrul Rinpoche (1808-1887) revolutionized how Śāntideva's ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' was taught and practiced in Tibet. His accessible teaching style transformed this profound Buddhist text from an elite monastic study into a practical guide that ordinary practitioners could understand and apply on the bodhisattva path.

<div class="row mt-4">{{MiniTile
|text=A Short Account of Patrul Rinpoche's Life <i class="fa-sharp fa-solid fa-caret-right ml-1 fa-sm align-baseline carnelian"></i>
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}}{{MiniTile
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}}{{MiniTile
|text=The Lineage Prayer <i class="fa-sharp fa-solid fa-caret-right ml-1 fa-sm align-baseline carnelian"></i>
|link=Explore/Patrul Rinpoche's Lineage Prayer
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}}{{MiniTile
|text=Patrul Rinpoche's Practice Instructions <i class="fa-sharp fa-solid fa-caret-right ml-1 fa-sm align-baseline carnelian"></i>
|link=Explore/Patrul Rinpoche's Practice Instructions
|styles=border: 1px solid #BA1B1D;
}}{{MiniTile
|text=Patrul Rinpoche and the Dissemination of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' <i class="fa-sharp fa-solid fa-caret-right ml-1 fa-sm align-baseline carnelian"></i>
|link=Explore/Rdza Dpal sprul and the Dissemination of the Bodhi(sattva)caryāvatāra
|styles=border: 1px solid #BA1B1D;
}}{{MiniTile
|text=Rdza Dpal sprul's Teaching at the Śrī Siṃha Shedra in East Tibet <i class="fa-sharp fa-solid fa-caret-right ml-1 fa-sm align-baseline carnelian"></i>
|link=Explore/Rdza Dpal sprul's Teaching at the Śrī Siṃha Shedra in East Tibet
|styles=border: 1px solid #BA1B1D;
}}{{MiniTile
|text=Two Commentaries by Patrul Rinpoche's Disciples <i class="fa-sharp fa-solid fa-caret-right ml-1 fa-sm align-baseline carnelian"></i>
|link=Explore/Two commentaries by Patrul Rinpoche's Disciples
|styles=border: 1px solid #BA1B1D;
}}
</div>

}}

{{VerticalSpacer|4}}

<h2 id="Resources & References">Part 6: Resources & References for Further Exploration</h2>

{{PanelTransparent
|bg-image=File:Pecha Collection.jpg
|imgClasses=rounded-lg tsdwiki-depth-1
|image-side=right
|imageposition=80% 0%
|classes=my-5
|header=The Literature (''Primary and Secondary sources'')
|text=The resources listed below have been tagged to show relationships between classical works and library items (i.e., recensions, translations, scholarship).

<div class="row pt-3">
{{Tile
|wrapper-classes=col-12 mb-4 mw-customtoggle-bodhicarya
|image=none
|header=Bodhicaryāvatāra
|text=Delve deeper into Śāntideva's main work
|label=Click to expand
|min-height=116px
|extracontent=
<div class="row mw-collapsible mw-collapsed py-3" id="mw-customcollapsible-bodhicarya">
{{MiniTile
|image=Bu su ku.jpg
|link=Study/Bodhicaryāvatāra: Source Texts
|text=Source Texts
}}
{{MiniTile
|image=Shantideva floating.jpeg
|link=Study/Bodhicaryāvatāra: Canonical Sources
|text=Canonical Sources (Texts and Translations)
}}
{{MiniTile
|image=Martin-winata-I hCtYsy6Y4-unsplash.jpg
|link=Study/Bodhicaryāvatāra: Translations (by Source Language)
|text=Translations (by source language)
}}
{{MiniTile
|image=Martin-winata-I hCtYsy6Y4-unsplash.jpg
|link=Study/Bodhicaryāvatāra: Translations (by Target Language)
|text=Translations (by target language)
}}
</div>
}}{{Tile
|wrapper-classes=col-12 mb-4 mw-customtoggle-bodhicarya-comms
|image=none
|header=Commentaries on Bodhicaryāvatāra
|text=Discover the great commentarial tradition based on Śāntideva's work
|label=Click to expand
|min-height=116px
|extracontent=
<div class="row mw-collapsible mw-collapsed py-3" id="mw-customcollapsible-bodhicarya-comms">
{{MiniTile
|image=Bu su ku.jpg
|link=Study/Bodhicaryāvatāra: Commentaries (original texts)
|text=Commentaries (Original Texts)
}}
{{MiniTile
|image=Bu su ku.jpg
|link=Study/Bodhicaryāvatāra: Commentaries (scholarship)
|text=Commentaries (Scholarship)
}}
{{MiniTile
|image=Shantideva floating.jpeg
|link=Study/Bodhicaryāvatāra: Translations of Commentaries
|text=Translations of Commentaries
}}
{{MiniTile
|image=Martin-winata-I hCtYsy6Y4-unsplash.jpg
|link=Study/Bodhicaryāvatāra: Contemporary Commentaries
|text=Contemporary Commentaries
}}

</div>
}}

{{Tile
|wrapper-classes=col-12 mb-4 mw-customtoggle-resources
|image=none
|header=Additional Resources
|text= Look into discussions on the art of translation and explore resources compiled by scholars
|label=Click to expand
|min-height=116px
|extracontent=
<div class="row mw-collapsible mw-collapsed py-3" id="mw-customcollapsible-resources">
{{MiniTile
|image=Shantideva floating.jpeg
|link=Study/Bibliographies
|text=Bibliographies
}}

</div>
}}
</div>
}}


=== Events ===
{{PanelLargerText
|bg-image=File:Sakya Trizin 42nd from video.jpg
|classes=mx-0 rounded-lg tsdwiki-depth-1
|bg-position=47% 69%;
|header=<h3 class="m-0 p-0 border-0">The Bodhisattva's Way of Life <br> <small><em>with His Holiness Ratna Vajra Rinpoche the 42nd Sakya Trizin</em></small></h3>
|offset=col-md-4 p-0
|text=A 6-month weekly online course on the timeless authoritative manual for spiritual development in Mahayana Buddhism.

His Holiness Ratna Vajra Rinpoche the 42nd Sakya Trizin imparts the precious teachings of the ''Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra'', composed by the eighth-century Mahāsiddha Śāntideva and cherished for centuries by all the great lamas of Tibet. To accompany your learning, Venerable Khenpo Jordan provides monthly live Q&A review sessions online and in English.

🗓️ Starts on 20 of September 2025

Participate in this teaching by enrolling for free now!

<div class="row justify-content-center mt-4">
<span style="display: inline-block; height: 40px; border: 1px solid #BA1B1D; padding: 0 1rem; line-height: 38px; border-radius: 0.25rem; background: white;">
[https://sachenfoundation.teachable.com/p/bodhisattvacharyavatara <i class="fa-sharp-duotone fa-solid fa-pen-to-square fa-fw mx-1" style="--fa-primary-color: #8e3c40; --fa-secondary-color: #8e3c40;"></i> Learn more here <i class="fa-sharp-duotone fa-solid fa-expand-wide ml-1 fa-sm align-baseline" style="--fa-primary-color: #8e3c40; --fa-secondary-color: #8e3c40;"></i>]
</span>

</div>

<div class="row tsdwiki-border-tb-redfade py-4 my-4 justify-content-center">
<div class="col-md-6">{{YouTube
|id=uFrIaH_BmZc
|width=640
|height=360
|caption=The 42nd Sakya Trizin: <em> Intro to the Bodhicaryāvatāra </em>
}}</div>

</div>

}}

=== Other Resources ===
<div class="row mx-n1">
<div class="col-1 px-1">[[File:Santideva app.webp|200px|class=w-100 h-auto|link=https://app.shantideva.com/]]</div>
<div class="col-11 px-1">'''[https://app.shantideva.com/ The Shantideva App]''' by Christian Steinert with Berzin Archives content. This app displays one verse a day from Śāntideva's text and allows you to read through the entire text in MANY languages. You can choose to see the text in Chinese, English, Tibetan, Sanskrit, Dutch, German, Arabic, etc. Amazing!
</div>
</div>

<div class="row mx-n1">
<div class="col-1 px-1">[[File:Bodhisvara image.jpg|200px|class=w-100 h-auto|link=https://www.bodhisvara.com/]]</div>
<div class="col-11 px-1">'''[https://www.bodhisvara.com/ Bodhisvara: Melodies of Awakening]''' by Christian Bernert and Prof. Kashinath Nyaupane. This website presents Prof. Nyaupane's beautiful recordings of Sanskrit verses from the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' and other classical Indian texts. The project represents over two years of dedicated work. The ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' project took over two years to complete. With the generous permission of Prof. Nyaupane, the verses are available to listen to within the [https://bodhicitta.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Bodhicary%C4%81vat%C4%81ra/Verses/1.1 ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' Multiverse] section of this website.
</div>
</div>
}}

Timeline Test

2025-10-24T22:50:14Z

GregF:

== English Translations Timeline ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! Year !! Author/Translator !! Title
|-
| '''1973''' || Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey, Sherpa Tulku, Khamlung Tulku, Alexander Berzin, and Jonathan Landaw || ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of All Buddhas' Sons''
|-
| '''1981''' || 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso) || ''A Discourse on 'Thirty-Seven Bodhisattva Practices' and 'The Three Principal Paths'''
|-
| '''1985''' || Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey et al. || ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of All Buddhas' Sons'' (Rev. 2nd ed.)
|-
| '''1989''' || Tsultim Gyeltsen || ''Keys to Great Enlightenment''
|-
| '''1995''' || 14th Dalai Lama / Acharya Nyima Tsering || ''Commentary on the Thirty Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva''
|-
| '''1997''' || Sonam Rinchen / Ruth Sonam || ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas''
|-
| '''2004''' || Chökyi Dragpa / Heidi I. Köppl || ''Uniting Wisdom and Compassion''
|-
| '''2005''' || Jampa Tegchok / Thubten Chodron || ''Transforming Adversity into Joy and Courage''
|-
| '''2006''' || Dilgo Khyentse / Padmakara Translation Group || ''The Heart of Compassion'' (Shechen)
|-
| '''2007''' || Dilgo Khyentse / Padmakara Translation Group || ''The Heart of Compassion'' (Shambhala)
|-
| '''2008''' || Gyatrul Rinpoche / Sangye Khandro || ''Path of the Bodhisattva''
|-
| '''2009''' || Thubten Chodron || ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas''
|-
| '''2009''' || 17th Karmapa (Ogyen Trinley Dorje) || ''Traveling the Path of Compassion''
|-
| '''2010''' || Khenpo Gawang & Gerry Wiener || ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva''
|-
| '''2016''' || Dzatrul Ngawang Tenzin Norbu / Julia Wilson || ''The Excellent Vessel of Ambrosia''
|-
| '''2016''' || Khenpo Sodargye || ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva'' (E-book)
|-
| '''2020''' || Dzatrul Ngawang Tenzin Norbu / Christopher Stagg || ''A Guide to the Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva''
|-
| '''2020''' || Thrangu Rinpoche / Yeshe Gyamtso & Michele Martin || ''The 37 Practices of a Bodhisattva of Ngülchu Thogme''
|-
| '''2022''' || Jetsunma Tenzin Palmo || ''The Heroic Heart: Awakening Unbound Compassion''
|-
| '''2024''' || Garchen Rinpoche / Liane Pitsos || ''The Path to Inner Peace''
|}

== Timeline of Translations ==
; 1973
: '''Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey, Sherpa Tulku, Khamlung Tulku, Alexander Berzin, and Jonathan Landaw'''
: ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of All Buddhas' Sons, and The Prayer of the Virtuous Beginning, Middle, and End.'' Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives.

; 1981
: '''14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso)'''
: ''A Discourse on 'Thirty-Seven Bodhisattva Practices' and 'The Three Principal Paths.''' Tibet Journal 6, no. 2.

; 1985
: '''Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey et al.'''
: ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of All Buddhas' Sons.'' Rev. 2nd ed. Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives.

; 1989
: '''Tsultim Gyeltsen'''
: ''Keys to Great Enlightenment: Commentaries on Kadam Geshe Langri Tangpa's "Eight Verses of Thought Training" and Bodhisattva Togmey Zangpo's "The Thirty-Seven Bodhisattva Practices."'' Los Angeles: Thubten Dhargye Ling Publications.

; 1995
: '''14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso) / Acharya Nyima Tsering'''
: ''Commentary on the Thirty Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva.'' Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives.

; 1997
: '''Sonam Rinchen / Ruth Sonam'''
: ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas.'' Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications.

; 2004
: '''Chökyi Dragpa / Heidi I. Köppl'''
: ''Uniting Wisdom and Compassion: Illuminating the Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva.'' Boston: Wisdom Publications.

; 2005
: '''Jampa Tegchok / Thubten Chodron'''
: ''Transforming Adversity into Joy and Courage: An Explanation of the Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas.'' Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications.

; 2006
: '''Dilgo Khyentse / Padmakara Translation Group'''
: ''The Heart of Compassion: Instructions on Ngulchu Thogme's Thirty-Sevenfold Practice of a Bodhisattva.'' New Delhi: Shechen Publications.

; 2007
: '''Dilgo Khyentse / Padmakara Translation Group'''
: ''The Heart of Compassion: The Thirty-Seven Verses on the Practice of a Bodhisattva.'' Boston: Shambhala Publications.

; 2008
: '''Gyatrul Rinpoche / Sangye Khandro'''
: ''Path of the Bodhisattva.'' Ashland, OR: Vimala Publishing.

; 2009
: '''Thubten Chodron'''
: ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas.'' Singapore: Kong Meng San Phor Kark See Monastery.

; 2009
: '''17th Karmapa (Ogyen Trinley Dorje)'''
: ''Traveling the Path of Compassion: A Commentary on "The Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva."'' Woodstock, NY: KTD Publications.

; 2010
: '''Khenpo Gawang & Gerry Wiener'''
: ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva.'' Memphis, TN: Jeweled Lotus Publishing.

; 2016
: '''Dzatrul Ngawang Tenzin Norbu / Julia Wilson'''
: ''The Excellent Vessel of Ambrosia: A Commentary on the Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas.'' New Delhi: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives.

; 2016
: '''Khenpo Sodargye'''
: ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva.'' E-book. [https://www.khenposodargye.org/books-by-khenpo/the-thirty-seven-practices-of-a-bodhisattva/ Online]

; 2020
: '''Dzatrul Ngawang Tenzin Norbu / Christopher Stagg'''
: ''A Guide to the Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva.'' Boulder, CO: Shambhala Publications.

; 2020
: '''Thrangu Rinpoche / Yeshe Gyamtso & Michele Martin'''
: ''The 37 Practices of a Bodhisattva of Ngülchu Thogme: A Commentary.'' Crestone, CO: Namo Buddha Publications.

; 2022
: '''Jetsunma Tenzin Palmo'''
: ''The Heroic Heart: Awakening Unbound Compassion.'' Boulder, CO: Shambhala Publications.

; 2024
: '''Garchen Rinpoche / Liane Pitsos'''
: ''The Path to Inner Peace: Teachings on "The Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas" by Thogme Sangpo.'' Munich: Edition Garchen Stiftung.

Timeline Test

2025-10-24T22:49:09Z

GregF:

== English Translations Timeline ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! Year !! Author/Translator !! Title
|-
| '''1973''' || Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey, Sherpa Tulku, Khamlung Tulku, Alexander Berzin, and Jonathan Landaw || ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of All Buddhas' Sons''
|-
| '''1981''' || 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso) || ''A Discourse on 'Thirty-Seven Bodhisattva Practices' and 'The Three Principal Paths'''
|-
| '''1985''' || Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey et al. || ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of All Buddhas' Sons'' (Rev. 2nd ed.)
|-
| '''1989''' || Tsultim Gyeltsen || ''Keys to Great Enlightenment''
|-
| '''1995''' || 14th Dalai Lama / Acharya Nyima Tsering || ''Commentary on the Thirty Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva''
|-
| '''1997''' || Sonam Rinchen / Ruth Sonam || ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas''
|-
| '''2004''' || Chökyi Dragpa / Heidi I. Köppl || ''Uniting Wisdom and Compassion''
|-
| '''2005''' || Jampa Tegchok / Thubten Chodron || ''Transforming Adversity into Joy and Courage''
|-
| '''2006''' || Dilgo Khyentse / Padmakara Translation Group || ''The Heart of Compassion'' (Shechen)
|-
| '''2007''' || Dilgo Khyentse / Padmakara Translation Group || ''The Heart of Compassion'' (Shambhala)
|-
| '''2008''' || Gyatrul Rinpoche / Sangye Khandro || ''Path of the Bodhisattva''
|-
| '''2009''' || Thubten Chodron || ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas''
|-
| '''2009''' || 17th Karmapa (Ogyen Trinley Dorje) || ''Traveling the Path of Compassion''
|-
| '''2010''' || Khenpo Gawang & Gerry Wiener || ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva''
|-
| '''2016''' || Dzatrul Ngawang Tenzin Norbu / Julia Wilson || ''The Excellent Vessel of Ambrosia''
|-
| '''2016''' || Khenpo Sodargye || ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva'' (E-book)
|-
| '''2020''' || Dzatrul Ngawang Tenzin Norbu / Christopher Stagg || ''A Guide to the Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva''
|-
| '''2020''' || Thrangu Rinpoche / Yeshe Gyamtso & Michele Martin || ''The 37 Practices of a Bodhisattva of Ngülchu Thogme''
|-
| '''2022''' || Jetsunma Tenzin Palmo || ''The Heroic Heart: Awakening Unbound Compassion''
|-
| '''2024''' || Garchen Rinpoche / Liane Pitsos || ''The Path to Inner Peace''
|}

== Timeline of Translations == ; 1973 : '''Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey, Sherpa Tulku, Khamlung Tulku, Alexander Berzin, and Jonathan Landaw''' : ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of All Buddhas' Sons, and The Prayer of the Virtuous Beginning, Middle, and End.'' Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives. ; 1981 : '''14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso)''' : ''A Discourse on 'Thirty-Seven Bodhisattva Practices' and 'The Three Principal Paths.''' Tibet Journal 6, no. 2. ; 1985 : '''Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey et al.''' : ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of All Buddhas' Sons.'' Rev. 2nd ed. Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives. ; 1989 : '''Tsultim Gyeltsen''' : ''Keys to Great Enlightenment: Commentaries on Kadam Geshe Langri Tangpa's "Eight Verses of Thought Training" and Bodhisattva Togmey Zangpo's "The Thirty-Seven Bodhisattva Practices."'' Los Angeles: Thubten Dhargye Ling Publications. ; 1995 : '''14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso) / Acharya Nyima Tsering''' : ''Commentary on the Thirty Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva.'' Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives. ; 1997 : '''Sonam Rinchen / Ruth Sonam''' : ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas.'' Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications. ; 2004 : '''Chökyi Dragpa / Heidi I. Köppl''' : ''Uniting Wisdom and Compassion: Illuminating the Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva.'' Boston: Wisdom Publications. ; 2005 : '''Jampa Tegchok / Thubten Chodron''' : ''Transforming Adversity into Joy and Courage: An Explanation of the Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas.'' Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications. ; 2006 : '''Dilgo Khyentse / Padmakara Translation Group''' : ''The Heart of Compassion: Instructions on Ngulchu Thogme's Thirty-Sevenfold Practice of a Bodhisattva.'' New Delhi: Shechen Publications. ; 2007 : '''Dilgo Khyentse / Padmakara Translation Group''' : ''The Heart of Compassion: The Thirty-Seven Verses on the Practice of a Bodhisattva.'' Boston: Shambhala Publications. ; 2008 : '''Gyatrul Rinpoche / Sangye Khandro''' : ''Path of the Bodhisattva.'' Ashland, OR: Vimala Publishing. ; 2009 : '''Thubten Chodron''' : ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas.'' Singapore: Kong Meng San Phor Kark See Monastery. ; 2009 : '''17th Karmapa (Ogyen Trinley Dorje)''' : ''Traveling the Path of Compassion: A Commentary on "The Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva."'' Woodstock, NY: KTD Publications. ; 2010 : '''Khenpo Gawang & Gerry Wiener''' : ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva.'' Memphis, TN: Jeweled Lotus Publishing. ; 2016 : '''Dzatrul Ngawang Tenzin Norbu / Julia Wilson''' : ''The Excellent Vessel of Ambrosia: A Commentary on the Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas.'' New Delhi: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives. ; 2016 : '''Khenpo Sodargye''' : ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva.'' E-book. [https://www.khenposodargye.org/books-by-khenpo/the-thirty-seven-practices-of-a-bodhisattva/ Online] ; 2020 : '''Dzatrul Ngawang Tenzin Norbu / Christopher Stagg''' : ''A Guide to the Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva.'' Boulder, CO: Shambhala Publications. ; 2020 : '''Thrangu Rinpoche / Yeshe Gyamtso & Michele Martin''' : ''The 37 Practices of a Bodhisattva of Ngülchu Thogme: A Commentary.'' Crestone, CO: Namo Buddha Publications. ; 2022 : '''Jetsunma Tenzin Palmo''' : ''The Heroic Heart: Awakening Unbound Compassion.'' Boulder, CO: Shambhala Publications. ; 2024 : '''Garchen Rinpoche / Liane Pitsos''' : ''The Path to Inner Peace: Teachings on "The Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas" by Thogme Sangpo.'' Munich: Edition Garchen Stiftung. ----
1973
'''Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey, Sherpa Tulku, Khamlung Tulku, Alexander Berzin, and Jonathan Landaw'''
''The Thirty-Seven Practices of All Buddhas' Sons''
1981
'''14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso)'''
''A Discourse on 'Thirty-Seven Bodhisattva Practices' and 'The Three Principal Paths'''
1985
'''Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey et al.'''
''The Thirty-Seven Practices of All Buddhas' Sons'' (Rev. 2nd ed.)
1989
'''Tsultim Gyeltsen'''
''Keys to Great Enlightenment''
1995
'''14th Dalai Lama / Acharya Nyima Tsering'''
''Commentary on the Thirty Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva''
1997
'''Sonam Rinchen / Ruth Sonam'''
''The Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas''
2004
'''Chökyi Dragpa / Heidi I. Köppl'''
''Uniting Wisdom and Compassion''
2005
'''Jampa Tegchok / Thubten Chodron'''
''Transforming Adversity into Joy and Courage''
2006
'''Dilgo Khyentse / Padmakara Translation Group'''
''The Heart of Compassion'' (Shechen Publications)
2007
'''Dilgo Khyentse / Padmakara Translation Group'''
''The Heart of Compassion'' (Shambhala Publications)
2008
'''Gyatrul Rinpoche / Sangye Khandro'''
''Path of the Bodhisattva''
2009
'''Thubten Chodron'''
''The Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas''
2009
'''17th Karmapa (Ogyen Trinley Dorje)'''
''Traveling the Path of Compassion''
2010
'''Khenpo Gawang & Gerry Wiener'''
''The Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva''
2016
'''Dzatrul Ngawang Tenzin Norbu / Julia Wilson'''
''The Excellent Vessel of Ambrosia''
2016
'''Khenpo Sodargye'''
''The Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva'' (E-book)
2020
'''Dzatrul Ngawang Tenzin Norbu / Christopher Stagg'''
''A Guide to the Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva''
2020
'''Thrangu Rinpoche / Yeshe Gyamtso & Michele Martin'''
''The 37 Practices of a Bodhisattva of Ngülchu Thogme''
2022
'''Jetsunma Tenzin Palmo'''
''The Heroic Heart: Awakening Unbound Compassion''
2024
'''Garchen Rinpoche / Liane Pitsos'''
''The Path to Inner Peace''

2025-09-05T17:34:54Z

GregF:

Śikṣāsamuccaya

2025-09-05T17:33:41Z

GregF:

2025-09-03T17:50:21Z

GregF:

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|dashboardText=On this page you will find everything about Śāntideva's famous text, the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' (''The Way of the Bodhisattva''). The information below explores the text's various titles and versions, its complex authorship and historical context, its profound influence on Indian and Tibetan Buddhist traditions, its central role in systematizing the cultivation of bodhicitta, and essential resources for further study and practice.

From here you can read the text in [[Texts/Bodhicaryāvatāra/Chapter_1|English]], [[Texts/Bodhicaryāvatāra/Verses|Tibetan]], [[Books/Bodhicaryâvatâra:_La_marche_vers_l'éveil_(2007)/Bilingual|French]], Spanish, or Sanskrit. You can compare commentaries from different traditions on each verse or you can listen to the verses chanted or watch videos of Buddhist teachers or scholars talking about the text and its meaning.



|introduction=Śāntideva's ''Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra'' (''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' for short) is a masterwork of world literature and an example of wisdom and compassion in action, lighting the way to Buddhahood for the sake of all beings. Written down in ancient India in the Sanskrit language, it became popular in Tibetan translation and made its way into modern languages in the 19th and 20th centuries. It remains one of the favorite books of many leading Buddhist students, teachers, and writers today.
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<div class="clipped-1-line">Full Text in Tibetan, Sanskrit, English, and French</div>
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<h2 class="mt-0 pt-0" id="About the Text">Part 1: About the Text</h2>
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|text=Traces the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'''s journey from Mongolian translations to Western academia.
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|header=Later Editions and Translations of the Bodhicaryāvatāra
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<h2 class="pt-0 mt-0">Overview of Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra</h2>
<div class="text-article mb-5">
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<h4><small>''In-Depth Chapter Overviews''</small></h4>
<div class="text-article mb-4">This comprehensive resource provides a detailed, chapter-by-chapter analysis of Śāntideva's ''The Way of the Bodhisattva'' (''Bodhicaryāvatāra''), one of the most influential texts in Mahāyāna Buddhist literature. Each chapter features scholarly essays that examine Śāntideva's teachings through the lens of key Buddhist concepts, supported by extensive academic resources, relevant links, and multimedia content. The material is organized according to the traditional Tibetan framework of generating, protecting, and perfecting bodhicitta, offering students a structured approach to understanding this foundational work on the bodhisattva path.</div>
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{{MiniTile
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|label=Click to expand
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{{MiniTile
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</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

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|offset=col-md-4 p-0 order-md-last
|text=A new, interactive way to navigate the text via its outline and related themes and chapters. Click on the Miro Mindmaps here. Use two fingers to move the cursor and to zoom in and out.
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|text=Navigate Śāntideva's teachings on core ideas, themes, and practices.
|label=<span class="float-right">[[File:Miro.webp|x20px|class=align-bottom|]] Miro Mindmap</span>
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<h2 class="mt-0 pt-0" id="About the Author">Part 2: About the Author</h2>

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<h2 class="mt-0 pt-0" id="Text_Significance_and_Reception">Part 3: Text Significance and Reception</h2>
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|header=Keeping the Flame of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' Alive: From 9th-Century India to 19th-Century Tibet
|text=Śāntideva's ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' gave rise to a vibrant commentarial tradition in India and Tibet. In this section, we will learn more about 10 centuries of teachings focusing on teachings drawn from this text. This section is still being developed. We will keep you posted as we add new materials, articles, and resources.

<div class="row mt-3 mb-5">{{Tile
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|text=This short overview gives an account of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' 's history from its origins in India to its transmission in Nepal. It discusses the text's authorship, traditionally attributed to Śāntideva in 7th century India, and explores various commentaries and abbreviated versions produced by Indian scholars.
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|page=Influence and Reception of Śāntideva's Works in India and Nepal
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|text=This essay offers a comprehensive overview of the Indian commentaries on the Bodhicaryāvatāra (BCA). It details thirteen commentaries composed by Indian authors, highlighting how the BCA was used both as a Mahāyāna practice manual and a debate manual.
|label=Resource
|page=Study/The Indian Commentarial Tradition (9th-12th c.)
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|text=This essay explores the transmission and influence of Śāntideva's ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' in China and Mongolia. He examines the Chinese translation of the text during the Sòng dynasty, and highlights the related political context and translation processes.
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|page=Influence and Reception of Śāntideva's Works in China and Central Asia
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|page=The Transmission of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' in Tibet: An Overview
}}{{Tile
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|text=This article provides a concise overview of the commentarial tradition surrounding Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra in Tibet. It traces the text's introduction to Tibet in the 8th century, highlighting its rapid translation and subsequent revisions. The study also outlines the development of Tibetan commentaries on the text.
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<h2 class="mt-0 pt-0" id="Study the Text">Part 4: Study the Text</h2>
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|header=The Tibetan late 19th-Century Debates on the <em>Bodhicaryāvatāra</em>'s Wisdom Chapter
|text=Learn more about the debates regarding the meaning of the 9th chapter of Śāntideva's ''Bodhicaryāvatāra''!<br/> This chapter presents the Perfection of Wisdom (prajñāpāramitā) through rigorous philosophical analysis of emptiness (śūnyatā), establishing the ultimate nature of reality within the bodhisattva path. The interpretation of this profound text became the object of 19th-century Tibetan philosophical debates. The controversy began when Mipham Rinpoche of the Nyingma tradition authored his Norbu Ketaka commentary, proposing a synthetic interpretation that harmonized Prasaṅgika and Yogācāra Madhyamaka approaches. This drew strong criticism from Geluk scholars like Drakar Tulku, who defended Tsongkhapa's stricter Prasaṅgika position, while Pari Rabsel offered nuanced critiques of both interpretations. These exchanges centered on fundamental hermeneutical questions regarding the proper understanding of conventional and ultimate truth, the role of consciousness in perceiving emptiness, and correct Madhyamaka reasoning methods. The debates reflect broader tensions between Tibetan Buddhist schools regarding philosophical methodology and interpretative approaches, while illuminating crucial issues in Buddhist soteriology about how philosophical understanding relates to direct meditative realization.

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{{Tile
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|page=Study/The Ninth Chapter
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|header=The Way of the Bodhisattva Illuminated: Narrative Commentaries and Recitation Guide
|text=
{{Jumbo
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|image=Indian Teacher Shantideva surrounded HAR.png
|text=This collection presents Buddhist narratives illustrating key verses of Śāntideva's ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' (''The Way of the Bodhisattva''). These instructive tales feature kings, merchants, animals, and divine beings to illuminate the bodhisattva path and to explain the transformative power of bodhicitta, the superiority of spiritual wealth over material possessions, and how bodhisattvas transform adversity into opportunity for spiritual development.
}}
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{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Tales of Engaging the Way of the Bodhisattva - Chapter One|text=Chapter One}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Tales of Engaging the Way of the Bodhisattva - Chapter Two|text=Chapter Two}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Tales of Engaging the Way of the Bodhisattva - Chapter Three|text=Chapter Three}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Tales of Engaging the Way of the Bodhisattva - Chapter Four|text=Chapter Four}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Tales of Engaging the Way of the Bodhisattva - Chapter Five|text=Chapter Five}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Tales of Engaging the Way of the Bodhisattva - Chapter Six|text=Chapter Six}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Tales of Engaging the Way of the Bodhisattva - Chapter Seven|text=Chapter Seven}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Tales of Engaging the Way of the Bodhisattva - Chapter Eight|text=Chapter Eight}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Tales of Engaging the Way of the Bodhisattva - Chapter Nine|text=Chapter Nine}}
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<div class="row mw-collapsible mw-collapsed py-3" id="mw-customcollapsible-narrative">
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Narrative Commentary - Chapter One|text=Chapter One}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Narrative Commentary - Chapter Two|text=Chapter Two}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Narrative Commentary - Chapter Three|text=Chapter Three}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Narrative Commentary - Chapter Four|text=Chapter Four}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Narrative Commentary - Chapter Five|text=Chapter Five}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Narrative Commentary - Chapter Six|text=Chapter Six}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Narrative Commentary - Chapter Seven|text=Chapter Seven}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Narrative Commentary - Chapter Eight|text=Chapter Eight}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Narrative Commentary - Chapter Nine|text=Chapter Nine}}
{{MiniTile|link=Practice/Narrative Commentary - Chapter Ten|text=Chapter Ten}}
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<h2 class="mt-0 pt-0" id="Practice the Text">Part 5: Practice the Text</h2>
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|header=The ''Sgom Lugs'' Tradition
|text=The ''sgom lugs'' (meditation tradition) was a significant contemplative tradition in Tibetan Buddhism that developed a unique approach to studying and practicing the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'', Śāntideva's classic eighth-century text on the bodhisattva path.
The ''sgom lugs'' approach emphasized the meditative implementation of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' rather than purely scholastic analysis. Its practitioners were known for integrating the text's teachings—particularly on ''bodhicitta'' (awakened mind), ''śamatha'' (calm abiding), and ''vipaśyanā'' (insight meditation)—directly into their contemplative practice.
This tradition was especially prominent in the 11th-13th centuries during the later spread of Buddhism in Tibet, with notable practitioners in the Kadam and early Kagyu lineages. The ''sgom lugs'' teachers developed distinctive meditation manuals and techniques for embodying the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra''<i>'</i>s core ethical and philosophical principles, especially those found in the patience, meditation, and wisdom chapters.
What distinguished the ''sgom lugs'' approach was its experiential focus—treating the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' not merely as a philosophical text to be analyzed, but as a practical guidebook for transformation through meditation and daily application.
This section traces the development of this tradition and the lives and works of the prominent teachers who upheld it.

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|header=Living Traditions of Practice <br> <small><em>Patrul Rinpoche</em></small>
|text=Patrul Rinpoche (1808-1887) revolutionized how Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra was taught and practiced in Tibet. His accessible teaching style transformed this profound Buddhist text from an elite monastic study into a practical guide that ordinary practitioners could understand and apply on the bodhisattva path.

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<h2 class="mt-0 pt-0" id="Resources & References">Part 6: Resources & References for Further Exploration</h2>
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|header=The Literature (''Primary and Secondary sources'')
|text=The resources listed below have been tagged to show relationships between classical works and library items (i.e., recensions, translations, scholarship).

<div class="row m-0 pt-3 pb-5">
{{Tile
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|image=Bu su ku.jpg
|header=Bodhicaryāvatāra
|text=Delve deeper into Śāntideva's main work
|label=Click to expand
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|link=Study/Bodhicaryāvatāra: Source Texts
|text=Source Texts
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|link=Study/Bodhicaryāvatāra: Canonical Sources
|text=Canonical Sources (Texts and Translations)
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|link=Study/Bodhicaryāvatāra: Translations (by Source Language)
|text=Translations (by source language)
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|image=Martin-winata-I hCtYsy6Y4-unsplash.jpg
|link=Study/Bodhicaryāvatāra: Translations (by Target Language)
|text=Translations (by target language)
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{{Tile
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|image=Bu su ku.jpg
|header=Commentaries on Bodhicaryāvatāra
|text=Discover the great commentarial tradition based on Śāntideva's work
|label=Click to expand
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<div class="row mw-collapsible mw-collapsed py-3" id="mw-customcollapsible-bodhicarya-comms">
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|text=Commentaries (Original Texts)
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|link=Study/Bodhicaryāvatāra: Commentaries (scholarship)
|text=Commentaries (Scholarship)
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|link=Study/Bodhicaryāvatāra: Translations of Commentaries
|text=Translations of Commentaries
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|image=Martin-winata-I hCtYsy6Y4-unsplash.jpg
|link=Study/Bodhicaryāvatāra: Contemporary Commentaries
|text=Contemporary Commentaries
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|wrapper-classes=col-md-12 mb-4 mw-customtoggle-resources
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|header=Additional Resources
|text= Look into discussions on the art of translation and explore resources compiled by scholars
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|text=Bibliographies
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=== Other Resources ===
* '''[https://app.shantideva.com/ The Shantideva App]''' by Christian Steinert with Berzin Archives content. This app displays one verse a day from Shantideva's text and allows you to read through the entire text in MANY languages. You can choose to see the text in Chinese, English, Tibetan, Sanskrit, Dutch, German, Arabic, etc. And up to three at the same time, per verse. Amazing!
}}